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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4012689A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-15
申请号：US517704
申请日：1974-10-24
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： The invention disclosed herein includes methods and apparatus for determining the resistivity and dielectric constant of earth materials in the vicinity of a well borehole. A radio frequency electromagnetic field in the frequency range from 20 to 40 megahertz is generated in a borehole and the total electromagnetic field at two longitudinally spaced locations is detected. Measurements of the relative phase shift in the field between the detector locations and the amplitude of the field at least at one of the detector locations may then be interpreted according to predetermined relationships in terms of the earth formation resistivity and dielectric constant.
摘要翻译： 本文公开的本发明包括用于确定井眼附近的土壤材料的电阻率和介电常数的方法和装置。 在井眼中产生频率范围为20至40兆赫兹的射频电磁场，并且检测两个纵向间隔位置处的总电磁场。 可以根据地球电阻率和介电常数的预定关系来解释至少在检测器位置之一处的检测器位置与场的振幅之间的场中相对相移的测量。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4107598A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-15
申请号：US800500
申请日：1977-05-25
摘要： A system operating at radio frequencies in the range of 10 MHZ to 60 MHZ is provided for simultaneously determining the resistivity and dielectric constant of earth formations in the vicinity of a well bore. A transmitter coil and two longitudinally spaced receiver coils are provided in the system. Circuit means for measuring the unnormalized amplitude ratio and the relative phase shift of electromagnetic waves at the spaced receiver coils are provided. A relationship is given whereby the formation dielectric constant and resistivity may be obtained from the amplitude ratio and relative phase shift measurements.
摘要翻译： 提供了在10MHz至60MHz范围内的射频操作的系统，用于同时确定井眼附近地层的电阻率和介电常数。 发射机线圈和两个纵向间隔的接收器线圈设置在系统中。 提供用于测量非标准化幅度比和在隔开的接收器线圈处的电磁波的相对相移的电路装置。 给出一种关系，由此可以从振幅比和相对相移测量中获得形成介电常数和电阻率。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4107597A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-15
申请号：US749845
申请日：1976-12-13
CPC分类号： G01V3/30
摘要： The invention disclosed herein includes methods and apparatus for determining true formation resistivity, flushed zone resistivity and invasion diameter of the earth formation in the vicinity of a well borehole. A radio frequency electromagnetic field in the frequency range from 800 kilohertz to 4 megahertz is generated in a borehole and the electromagnetic field is detected at a plurality of longitudinally spaced locations. Measurements of the attenuation and propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave at the longitudinally spaced receivers may then be interpreted according to predetermined relationships in terms of the formation resistivity, flushed zone resistivity and invasion diameter surrounding the borehole.
摘要翻译： 本文公开的发明包括用于确定井眼附近的地层的真实地层电阻率，冲刷区电阻率和侵入直径的方法和装置。 在钻孔中产生频率范围从800千赫兹到4兆赫兹的射频电磁场，并且在多个纵向间隔位置检测电磁场。 然后可以根据围绕钻孔的地层电阻率，冲刷区电阻率和入侵直径根据预定的关系来解释在纵向间隔的接收器处的电磁波的衰减和传播速度的测量。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3993944A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-23
申请号：US643421
申请日：1975-12-22
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： An exemplary embodiment of the invention includes method for measuring the dielectric constant and resistivity of the invaded zone and the virgin formation in a fluid filled well bore hole. Dual induction laterolog measurements are employed to determined R.sub.t and R.sub.xo. Dual spaced radio frequency dielectric induction log measurements are employed to determine .epsilon..sub.t and .epsilon..sub.xo. By combining these measurements, a movable oil plot may be obtained in highly resistive formations.
摘要翻译： 本发明的示例性实施例包括用于测量流体填充的井眼孔中的入侵区域和原始地层的介电常数和电阻率的方法。 采用双重感应测量来确定Rt和Rxo。 采用双重间隔的射频介电感应对数测量来确定ε和εx。 通过组合这些测量，可以在高电阻地层中获得可移动的油图。
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5.发明授权Dielectric well logging system with at least three transmitter coils and at least two receiver coils for determining resistivity and dielectric constant of a subsurface formation adjacent a fluid invaded zone of the formation 失效具有至少三个发射器线圈和至少两个接收器线圈的介电测井系统，用于确定邻近地层的流体侵入区域的地下地层的电阻率和介电常数
公开(公告)号：US4609873A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-02
申请号：US109691
申请日：1980-01-04
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： A dielectric well logging system is provided to determine dielectric constant and resistivity in formations invaded by water to determine oil and water saturations of the formations. Plural transmitters are activated in a time division multiplex manner and sensed by receiver coils. The amplitude ratio and phase difference between the signals sensed by the receiver coils are then used to determine dielectric constant and resistivity which may then be used to determine invasion characteristics.
摘要翻译： 提供电介质测井系统以确定由水侵入的地层中的介电常数和电阻率，以确定地层的油和水饱和度。 多个发射机以时分多路复用方式激活，并由接收机线圈感测。 接收器线圈感测到的信号之间的振幅比和相位差然后用于确定介电常数和电阻率，然后可以用它来确定入侵特性。
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6.发明授权High sensitivity well logging system having dual transmitter antennas and intermediate series resonant 失效具有双发射天线和中间串联谐振的高灵敏度测井系统
公开(公告)号：US5081419A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-14
申请号：US697524
申请日：1991-04-29
摘要： A well logging apparatus and method for measuring the resistivity of the formation surrounding a borehole is disclosed. The invention provides two transmitting antennas arranged around a housing means or drill collar in spaced relation from one another. A transmitting circuit alternately supplies an oscillating drive signal to each transmitting antenna with a sufficiently high frequency such that one and then the other of the transmitting antennas radiates an electromagnetic wave signal which propagates through the formation. Two receiving antennas are located equally spaced between the transmitting antennas to produce pick-up signals from the electromagnetic wave propagating through the formation. Each receiving antenna includes a single turn coil connected in series with a capacitor to provide a reduced impedance circuit to resonate in the frequency region embracing the oscillating drive signal. Receive antenna circuitry responsive to induced alternating current in the coil produces a signal indicative of the formation parameter under study. The method of positioning two series resonant single turn receiving antennas tuned to the oscillating drive frequency and alternately coupling an electrical drive signal to a pair of transmitters spaced equally on each side of the receiving antennas allows receiving signals which are self-cancelling for system induced effects.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量围绕钻孔的地层的电阻率的测井装置和方法。 本发明提供了两个彼此间隔开的布置在壳体装置或钻铤周围的发射天线。 发射电路以足够高的频率向每个发射天线交替地提供振荡驱动信号，使得发射天线中的一个发射天线和另一个发射天线辐射通过地层传播的电磁波信号。 两个接收天线位于发射天线之间的距离相等的距离处，以产生从电磁波传播通过地层的拾取信号。 每个接收天线包括与电容器串联连接的单匝线圈，以提供减小的阻抗电路以在包含振荡驱动信号的频率区域中谐振。 响应于线圈中的感应交流电的接收天线电路产生指示正在研究的地层参数的信号。 将调谐到振荡驱动频率的两个串联谐振单匝接收天线定位并将电驱动信号交替地耦合到在接收天线的每一侧上均匀隔开的一对发射机的方法允许接收对于系统感应效应而自消除的信号 。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5402068A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-28
申请号：US820091
申请日：1992-01-13
摘要： A logging-while-drilling system is disclosed which includes a pair of receiving antenna disposed between upper and lower transmitting antenna. The upper and lower transmitting antenna are energized successively to generate an electromagnetic wave which propagates through the formation surrounding the borehole. The amplitude attenuation and phase shift of the electromagnetic wave between the receiving antenna is measured. Measurements from both the upper and lower transmitting antenna can be combined to eliminate by cancellation system error components. In order to further improve the performance of the logging-while-drilling system, separate and dedicated driver circuits are provided proximate each transmitter. In addition, reference signals which are utilized to coordinate and synchronize the operation of the various components of the logging-while-drilling system are provided at frequencies which are substantially different from the interrogation frequency of the electromagnetic interrogation signal.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种记录钻井系统，其包括设置在上部和下部发射天线之间的一对接收天线。 上下发射天线依次通电，产生电磁波，该电磁波传播穿过钻孔周围的地层。 测量接收天线之间电磁波的振幅衰减和相移。 可以组合上下发射天线的测量结果，以消除系统误差分量。 为了进一步提高测井同步钻井系统的性能，在每个发射机附近提供独立和专用的驱动电路。 此外，用于协调和同步钻井同步钻井系统的各种部件的参考信号以与电磁询问信号的询问频率基本不同的频率提供。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4785247A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-15
申请号：US36170
申请日：1987-04-06
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , E21B47/011
摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring formation parameters by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals by antennas disposed in recesses in a tubular housing member and including apparatus for reducing the coupling of electrical noise into the system resulting from conducting elements located adjacent the recesses and housing. More particularly, a method and apparatus employing electrostatic, but not magnetic, shielding of the low impedance antenna systems and inductive signal coupling to enhance the signal at the receiver is disclosed. This system is capable of measuring formation parameters in the presence of conducting bodies, e.g., the drill string, permitting incorporation of the apparatus in a measuring while drilling (MWD) logging system. In a particular embodiment, high frequency electromagnetic energy is used to measure formation resistivity. Small low impedance coils are arranged in the wall or around the outer circumferential surface of a steel drill collar and spaced from the surface a minimum distance to allow efficient propagation and reception. The low impedance receiver antennas are substantially electrostatically, but not magnetically, shielded and include inductive current coupling devices to further improve the signal. In a preferred embodiment, the coils are circularly configured about the collar and longitudinally spaced thereon to serve as transmitting and receiving elements which together with associated circuit components employ high frequency electromagnetic wave propagation techniques to measure formation parameters. The received signals are phase shifted and amplitude attenuated as they pass through the formation, and formation parameters are determined by detecting variations in travel time and attenuation between longitudinally spaced receivers.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过设置在管状壳体构件中的凹槽中的天线发送和接收电磁信号来测量地层参数的装置和方法，并且包括用于减少由位于邻近凹部和壳体的导电元件引起的电噪声耦合到系统中的装置。 更具体地，公开了一种使用低阻抗天线系统的静电而不是磁屏蔽的方法和装置以及用于增强接收机处的信号的电感信号耦合。 该系统能够在存在导电体（例如钻柱）的情况下测量地层参数，允许将装置并入钻井（MWD）测井系统中的测量中。 在特定实施例中，使用高频电磁能量来测量地层电阻率。 小的低阻抗线圈布置在钢轨钻铤的壁面或外周表面上，与表面隔开最小的距离以允许有效的传播和接收。 低阻抗接收器天线基本上是静电的，但不是磁性的，屏蔽的，并且包括感应电流耦合器件以进一步改善信号。 在优选实施例中，线圈围绕套环圆周地配置并纵向间隔开以用作发射和接收元件，与元件相关联的电路组件采用高频电磁波传播技术来测量地层参数。 所接收的信号是相移的，并且在通过地层时振幅衰减，并且通过检测行进时间的变化和纵向间隔的接收器之间的衰减来确定形成参数。
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公开(公告)号：US06483310B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-19
申请号：US09690133
申请日：2000-10-17
申请人： Richard A. Meador
发明人： Richard A. Meador
IPC分类号： G01V330
摘要： A sonde is movable lengthwise in and relative to tubular structure such as a drill collar; slits extend through the tubular structure; and antennae coils on the sonde come into registration with the slits, for transmitting electromagnetic energy into the underground formation via certain slits, and for receiving such transmitted energy back through other of the slits, for processing.
摘要翻译： 探测器可以纵向移动并相对于诸如钻铤的管状结构移动; 狭缝延伸穿过管状结构; 并且探头上的天线线圈与狭缝对准，用于通过某些狭缝将电磁能传递到地下地层中，并将这种传输的能量通过其他狭缝接收，以进行处理。
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10.发明授权Electrical resistivity measurement of a flowing drilling fluid using eddy currents generated therein 失效使用其中产生的涡流的流动钻井液的电阻率测量
公开(公告)号：US4536713A
公开(公告)日：1985-08-20
申请号：US471879
申请日：1983-03-03
CPC分类号： E21B49/005 , G01N27/023 , G01N27/74 , G01V3/102
摘要： A high permeability ferrite core, which includes a gap between adjacent ends thereof, is combined with a magnetic coil encircling the core, and is located in a sub positioned in the drill string just above the drill bit of a borehole drilling rig. The core is positioned so that the gap thereof lies across a recess region formed in the outer wall of the sub. Drilling fluids flow along the outer surface of the sub on the return path from the drill bit to the mud pits located at the surface of the borehole. A constant current, or voltage, at a frequency within the range of 20 KHz-20 MHz is applied to the terminals of the coil encircling the core and the eddy currents developed in the gap region produce a measurable back emf at the coil terminals. The current produced by this emf voltage is indicative of the resistivity of the drilling fluid within the recess region in the wall of the sub and the fluctuations of the voltage accurately follow the variations in drilling fluid resistivity.
摘要翻译： 包括其相邻端之间的间隙的高磁导率铁氧体磁芯与环绕磁芯的磁性线圈组合，并且位于位于钻孔钻柱的位于钻孔钻机的钻头上方的钻柱中的子系统中。 芯部定位成使得其间隙跨越形成在子的外壁中的凹部区域。 钻井液体沿着从钻头返回路径的子表面流到位于钻孔表面的泥浆坑。 在20KHz-20MHz的频率范围内的恒定电流或电压被施加到环绕磁芯的线圈的端子上，并且在间隙区域中产生的涡流在线圈端子处产生可测量的反电动势。 由该电动势电压产生的电流表示在子壁的凹陷区域内的钻井流体的电阻率，并且电压的波动准确地跟随钻井液电阻率的变化。
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