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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4839518A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-13
申请号：US882953
申请日：1986-07-07
摘要： Apparatuses and methods for rapidly reading thermoluminescent phosphors to determine the amount of luminescent energy stored therein. The stored luminescent energy is interpreted as a measure of the total exposure of the thermoluminescent phosphor to ionizing radiation. The thermoluminescent phosphor reading apparatus uses a laser to generate a laser beam. The laser beam power level is monitored by a laser power detector and controlled to maintain the power level at a desired value or values which can vary with time. A shutter or other laser beam interrupting means is used to control exposure of the thermoluminescent phosphor to the laser beam. The laser beam can be equalized using an opitcal equalizer so that the laser beam has an approximately uniform power density across the beam. The heated thermoluminescent phosphor emits a visible or otherwise detectable luminescent emission which is measured as an indication of the radiation exposure of the thermoluminscent phosphors. Also disclosed are preferred signal processing and control circuits including one system using a digital computer. Also disclosed are time-profiled laser power cycles for pre-anneal, read and post-anneal treatment of phosphors.
摘要翻译： 用于快速读取热发光荧光体以确定其中存储的发光能量的装置和方法。 存储的发光能量被解释为热释光磷光体与电离辐射的总暴露量的量度。 热发光荧光体读取装置使用激光来产生激光束。 激光束功率电平由激光功率检测器监测并被控制以将功率电平维持在期望值或随时间变化的值。 快门或其他激光束遮断装置用于控制热发光荧光粉对激光束的曝光。 激光束可以使用Opitcal均衡器来均衡，使得激光束在束上具有大致均匀的功率密度。 加热的热发光荧光体发射可见或以其他方式可检测的发光发射，其被测量为热积泡荧光体的辐射暴露的指示。 还公开了包括使用数字计算机的一个系统的优选信号处理和控制电路。 还公开了用于荧光体的预退火，读取和退火后处理的时间分布的激光功率循环。
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2.发明授权Methods for rapidly stimulating luminescent phosphors and recovering information therefrom 失效用于快速刺激发光荧光体并从其中回收信息的方法
公开(公告)号：US4507562A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-26
申请号：US470633
申请日：1983-02-28
申请人： Jean Gasiot , Peter F. Braunlich , Jean P. Fillard
发明人： Jean Gasiot , Peter F. Braunlich , Jean P. Fillard
CPC分类号： G01T1/2014 , G01T1/105
摘要： Disclosed is a method for rapidly stimulating luminescent phosphors using laser beams. The laser beam must strike the luminous phosphor with an intensity sufficient to cause rapid release of luminescent energy stored within the phosphor as a result of previous exposure to ionizing radiation. Emission of the luminescent energy can occur within very brief peiods of time, for example, less than 100 nanoseconds. The invention also includes a method for determining the amount of ionizing radiation to which a luminescent phosphor was exposed. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out these methods.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用激光束快速激发发光荧光体的方法。 激光束必须以足以使先前暴露于电离辐射的结果快速释放存储在磷光体内的发光能量的强度撞击发光荧光体。 发光能量的发射可以在非常短暂的时间内发生，例如小于100纳秒。 本发明还包括用于确定发光荧光体暴露于其中的电离辐射量的方法。 还公开了一种用于执行这些方法的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US5124993A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-23
申请号：US365179
申请日：1989-06-12
摘要： A laser power control system is disclosed which detects the power of an emtted laser beam. The detection is preferably accomplished by splitting the beam using a beam splitter to form a detector laser beam which includes a limited portion of the beam. The beam is preferably split after polarization to obvate changes in detected power associated with polarization changes which can occur in the laser. The detector beam can be detected either continuously or intermittently, such as by using a chopping wheel which intermittently passes and interrupts the detector beam. The detected laser beam power signal is compared against a predetermined set point or preprogrammed time variable laser power profile thus allowing desired laser power to be achieved. The laser beam is also preferably equalized to achieve a more uniform cross-sectional laser power density. Laser beam equalizers are shown which disperse a laser beam into non-parallel rays which are passed through an optical channel, such as a reflective passage or optical fiber. The system provides laser beams having controlled and equalized laser power.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种检测激发光束的功率的激光功率控制系统。 该检测优选通过使用分束器分割光束以形成包括光束的有限部分的检测器激光束来实现。 光束优选地在极化之后被分裂，以阻止与在激光器中可能发生的极化变化相关联的检测到的功率的变化。 可以连续地或间歇地检测检测器束，例如通过使用间歇地通过并中断检测器束的切割轮。 将检测到的激光束功率信号与预定的设定点或预编程的时间可变激光功率分布比较，从而允许实现期望的激光功率。 激光束也优选地被均衡以实现更均匀的横截面激光功率密度。 示出了激光束均衡器，其将激光束分散成穿过诸如反射通道或光纤的光学通道的非平行射线。 该系统提供具有受控和均衡的激光功率的激光束。
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公开(公告)号：US4638163A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-20
申请号：US652829
申请日：1984-09-20
摘要： An apparatus and method for rapidly reading thermoluminescent phosphors to determine the amount of luminescent energy stored therein. The stored luminescent energy is interpreted as a measure of the total exposure of the thermoluminescent phosphor to ionizing radiation. The thermoluminescent phosphor reading apparatus uses a laser to generate a laser beam. The laser beam power level is monitored by a laser power detector and controlled to maintain the power level nearly constant. A shutter or other laser beam interrupting means is used to control exposure of the thermoluminescent phosphor to the laser beam. The laser beam can be equalized using an optical equalizer so that the laser beam has an approximately uniform power density across the beam. The heated thermoluminescent phosphor emits a visible or otherwise detectable luminescent emission which is measured as an indication of the radiation exposure of the thermoluminescent phosphors. Also disclosed are preferred signal processing and control circuits.
摘要翻译： 用于快速读取热发光荧光体以确定其中存储的发光能量的装置和方法。 存储的发光能量被解释为热释光磷光体与电离辐射的总暴露量的量度。 热发光荧光体读取装置使用激光来产生激光束。 激光束功率电平由激光功率检测器监控并被控制以维持功率水平几乎恒定。 快门或其他激光束遮断装置用于控制热发光荧光粉对激光束的曝光。 激光束可以使用光学均衡器来均衡，使得激光束在横梁上具有大致均匀的功率密度。 加热的热发光荧光体发射可见或以其他方式检测的发光发射，其被测量为热发光荧光体的辐射暴露的指示。 还公开了优选的信号处理和控制电路。
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公开(公告)号：US5081363A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-14
申请号：US692171
申请日：1991-04-26
摘要： Disclosed is a laser dosimeter reading apparatus having a controllable optical laser converter for providing multiple stimulating laser beams. The converter laser dosimeter reader can be used to stimulate or otherwise treat dosimeter elements to perform two or more distinct processes on a particular dosimeter element. Additionally, the convertible dosimeter reader can be used to read multiple different types of dosimeter elements contained on a single dosimeter badge, thereby allowing a badge to be read in a multi-stage reading operation in a single dosimeter reader which is preferably automated. The optical laser converter includes a converter block assembly which defines multiple optical pathways therethrough. The convert block assembly is movable between different positions to align the different optical pathways with an incoming laser beam. The output laser beams from the different optical pathways of the converter have differing laser beam characteristics suitable for different types of dosimeters or differing treatment processes. The output beams from the optical pathways are preferably passed through an imaging assembly which images the beams onto the dosimeters being stimulated or for other uses as the laser beam converter may be utilized. The disclosure also includes methods for converting a laser beam and for reading radiation dosimeters.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种激光剂量计读取装置，其具有用于提供多个激发激光束的可控光学激光转换器。 转换器激光剂量计读取器可以用于刺激或以其他方式处理剂量计元件以在特定剂量计元件上执行两个或更多个不同的过程。 此外，可转换剂量计读取器可用于读取包含在单个剂量计徽章上的多种不同类型的剂量计元件，从而允许在单次剂量计读取器中以多级读数操作读取徽章，该读数器最好是自动化的。 光学激光转换器包括一个转换器块组件，其限定了穿过其中的多个光路。 转换块组件可在不同位置之间移动，以使不同的光学路径与入射的激光束对准。 来自转换器的不同光路的输出激光束具有适用于不同类型剂量计或不同处理过程的不同激光束特性。 来自光学路径的输出光束优选地通过成像组件，该成像组件将激光束图像到被激发的剂量计上或者可以用作激光束转换器的其它用途。 本公开还包括用于转换激光束和读取辐射剂量计的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4287553A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-01
申请号：US156970
申请日：1980-06-06
申请人： Peter F. Braunlich
发明人： Peter F. Braunlich
CPC分类号： H04R19/04 , G01D5/2417 , G01L9/0075 , G01L9/0086
摘要： A capacitive pressure transducer having a first flexible electrically insulative diaphragm disposed apart from a second electrically insulative member, including a second flexible diaphragm, and where the diaphragm and member include metalized portions thereon forming the plates of a pressure sensing capacitor.The transducer further includes a pair of electrically insulative sealing rings disposed concentrically about one another which function to space said diaphragm and member apart and which form a hermetically sealed cavity therebetween, to establish the pressure sensitive region of the diaphragm and to reduce the tensile forces in the inner most sealing ring.
摘要翻译： 一种电容式压力换能器，其具有与包括第二柔性隔膜的第二电绝缘构件分开设置的第一柔性电绝缘膜，并且其中所述隔膜和构件包括形成压力感测电容器的板的金属化部分。 换能器还包括一对彼此同心设置的电绝缘密封环，其功能是隔开所述隔膜和构件，并在其之间形成气密密封的空腔，以建立隔膜的压力敏感区域并且减小隔膜中的拉伸力 内圈最密封圈。
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公开(公告)号：US4238661A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-09
申请号：US947907
申请日：1978-10-02
申请人： Peter F. Braunlich
发明人： Peter F. Braunlich
CPC分类号： H01G5/04 , Y10T29/43 , Y10T29/49004
摘要： A pressure-sensing capacitor and a method for trimming the capacitor is disclosed. The capacitor includes a pair of spaced flexible quartz plates. A thin circular layer of conductive metal is formed on the opposing inner surfaces of the plates to define the electrodes of the capacitor. A glass frit sealing compound, forming a concentric ring about the conductive layers, is disposed between the plates to seal the evacuated space between the plates. The thickness of the ring is small enough so that the capacitance between the electrodes is higher by an unknown amount than the desired value of capacitance at every point in the range of variation of the value of pressure. The capacitor is trimmed by first measuring the capacitance value at zero pressure. In two of the embodiments disclosed the capacitance value at a maximum pressure is also measured. The dimensions and location of a path on one of the electrodes is computed from a measured capacitance value(s) and the deflection characteristics of the plates. Radiant energy in the form of a laser beam is applied to the electrode to cut through the electrode along the computed path to electrically insulate a first part of the layer from a second part of the layer so that the value of capacitance at zero pressure is substantially equal to the desired value.
摘要翻译： 公开了压敏感电容器和微调电容器的方法。 电容器包括一对间隔的柔性石英板。 导电金属的薄圆形层形成在板的相对的内表面上以限定电容器的电极。 形成围绕导电层的同心环的玻璃料密封化合物设置在板之间以密封板之间的抽空空间。 环的厚度足够小，使得在压力值的变化范围内的每个点处，电极之间的电容高于电容的期望值的未知量。 通过首先在零压力下测量电容值来修整电容。 在公开的两个实施例中，还测量了最大压力下的电容值。 根据测量的电容值和板的偏转特性来计算其中一个电极上的路径的尺寸和位置。 将激光束形式的辐射能量施加到电极，以沿着计算的路径切割电极，以将层的第一部分与层的第二部分电绝缘，使得零压力下的电容值基本上 等于所需的值。
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公开(公告)号：US5041734A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-20
申请号：US371553
申请日：1989-06-26
摘要： Disclosed is a laser dosimeter reading apparatus having a controllable optical laser converter for providing multiple stimulating laser beams. The convertible laser dosimeter reader can be used to stimulate or otherwise treat dosimeter elements to perform two or more distinct processes on a particular dosimeter element. Additionally, the convertible dosimeter reader can be used to read multiple different types of dosimeter elements contained on a single dosimeter badge, thereby allowing a badge to be read in a multi-stage reading operation in a single dosimeter reader which is preferably automated. The optical laser converter includes a converter block assembly which defines multiple optical pathways therethrough. The convert block assembly is movable between different positions to align the different optical pathways with an incoming laser beam. The output laser beams from the different optical pathways of the converter have differing laser beam characteristics suitable for different types of dosimeters or differing treatment processes. The output beams from the optical pathways are preferably passed through an imaging assembly which images the beams onto the dosimeters being stimulated or for other uses as the laser beam converter may be utilized. The disclosure also includes methods for converting a laser beam and for reading radiation dosimeters.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种激光剂量计读取装置，其具有用于提供多个激发激光束的可控光学激光转换器。 可转换激光剂量计读取器可用于刺激或以其他方式处理剂量计元件以在特定剂量计元件上执行两个或更多个不同的过程。 此外，可转换剂量计读取器可用于读取包含在单个剂量计徽章上的多种不同类型的剂量计元件，从而允许在单次剂量计读取器中以多级读数操作读取徽章，该读数器最好是自动化的。 光学激光转换器包括一个转换器块组件，其限定了穿过其中的多个光路。 转换块组件可在不同位置之间移动，以使不同的光学路径与入射的激光束对准。 来自转换器的不同光路的输出激光束具有适用于不同类型剂量计或不同处理过程的不同激光束特性。 来自光学路径的输出光束优选地通过成像组件，该成像组件将激光束图像到被激发的剂量计上或者可以用作激光束转换器的其它用途。 本公开还包括用于转换激光束和读取辐射剂量计的方法。
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9.发明授权Radiation dosimetry by counting differentially ionized sample areas from heavy charged particle events 失效通过计数差异电离样品区域与重带电粒子事件进行辐射剂量测定
公开(公告)号：US5015855A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-14
申请号：US336015
申请日：1989-04-10
CPC分类号： G01T1/115 , G01T1/105 , G01T1/11 , Y10S250/02
摘要： Dosimeter reading methods and apparatus particularly useful in the measurement of heavy particle radiation dose exposure, such as from neutrons, protons, and alpha particles among others. The methods include exposing a dosimeter to a radiation environment to be measured. The dosimeter is thereafter stimulated, such as by a laser beam, to cause emission discharges from the dosimeter which are variable and indicative of the amount of ionizing radiation to which the element was exposed. Dosimeter elements which experienced an ionizing event from a heavy particle have higher levels of energy stored therein and produce higher luminescent or other emissions, thus characterizing that element or sample area as an eventful sample area. The number, portion or other measure of the eventful sample areas provides a basis for determining the level of radiation exposure due to the heavy particle or other discernable type of ionizing event. This allows the relatively uniform background radiation caused by gamma rays to independently be measured and the heavy particle radiation to be independently measured.
摘要翻译： 用于测量重粒子辐射剂量暴露的剂量计读数方法和装置，例如来自中子，质子和α粒子等。 所述方法包括将剂量计暴露于要测量的辐射环境。 然后，例如通过激光束对剂量计进行刺激，以引起来自剂量计的发射放电，其可变并且指示元件暴露于其中的电离辐射的量。 经历来自重粒子的离子化事件的剂量计元件具有储存在其中的较高水平的能量并产生较高的发光或其它排放物，从而将该元件或样品区域表征为一个充分的样品区域。 事实样本区域的数量，部分或其他度量提供了确定由重粒子或其他可辨别类型的电离事件引起的辐射暴露程度的依据。 这允许独立地测量由γ射线引起的相对均匀的背景辐射，并且独立测量重粒子辐射。
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公开(公告)号：US4999504A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-12
申请号：US359110
申请日：1989-05-31
CPC分类号： G01T1/115 , G01T1/105 , G01T1/11 , A61N5/1048
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for remotely measuring radiation levels. Such are particularly useful for measuring relatively high levels or dosages of radiation being administered in radiation therapy. They are also useful for more general radiation level measurements where remote sensing from the remaining portions of the apparatus is desirable. The apparatus uses a beam generator, such as a laser beam, to provide a stimulating beam. The stimulating beam is preferably of wavelengths shorter than 6 microns, or more advantageously less than 2 microns. The stimulating beam is used to stimulate a remote luminescent sensor mounted in a probe which emits stored luminescent energy resulting from exposure of the sensor to ionizing radiation. The stimulating beam is communicated to the remote luminescent sensor via transmissive fiber which also preferably serves to return the emission from the luminescent sensor. The stimulating beam is advantageously split by a beam splitter to create a detector beam which is measured for power during a reading period during which the luminescent phosphor is read. The detected power is preferably used to control the beam generator to thus produce desired beam power during the reading period. The luminescent emission from the remote sensor is communicated to a suitable emission detector, preferably after filtering or other selective treatment to better isolate the luminescent emission.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于远程测量辐射水平的方法和装置。 这对于测量在放射治疗中施用的相对高水平或剂量的辐射特别有用。 它们也可用于更一般的辐射水平测量，其中来自设备的其余部分的远程感测是期望的。 该装置使用诸如激光束的光束发生器来提供刺激光束。 刺激光束优选波长短于6微米，或更有利地小于2微米。 刺激光束用于刺激安装在探头中的远程发光传感器，其发射由传感器暴露于电离辐射而产生的存储的发光能量。 刺激光束通过透射光纤传送到远程发光传感器，该光纤还优选地用于返回来自发光传感器的发射。 刺激光束有利地被分束器分离以产生在阅读期间测量发光荧光体的功率的检测器光束。 检测到的功率优选地用于控制光束发生器，从而在读取周期期间产生期望的光束功率。 来自远程传感器的发光发射被传送到合适的发射检测器，优选在过滤或其它选择性处理之后以更好地隔离发光。
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