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    Apparatus for microinductive investigation of earth formations with improved electroquasistatic shielding
    2.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for microinductive investigation of earth formations with improved electroquasistatic shielding 失效
    具有改进的电位屏蔽的地层微结构研究装置

    公开(公告)号：US4739272A

    公开(公告)日：1988-04-19

    申请号：US616326

    申请日：1984-05-31

    申请人： Douglas D. Griffin ,  Weng C. Chew ,  Brian Clark ,  Robert L. Kleinberg

    发明人： Douglas D. Griffin ,  Weng C. Chew ,  Brian Clark ,  Robert L. Kleinberg

    IPC分类号： G01V3/28 ,  H01F15/04 ,  H01Q1/52 ,  H01Q7/04

    CPC分类号： G01V3/28

    摘要： A wall-engaging apparatus for microinductively investigating a characteristic of an earth formation traversed by a borehole comprises an antenna set mounted in an longitudinally elongated body adapted for a sliding engagement with the wall of the borehole. The antenna set includes a transmitter antenna mounted in the body for coupling electromagnetic energy into a formation; a receiver antenna for sensing a signal indicative of the characteristic; and at least one electroquasistatic shield element mounted coaxially with the magnetic dipole axis of the transmitter antenna. The electroquasistatic shield element comprises a sheet of conductive, non-magnetic material having a conductive center; a first annular band of narrow ray-like conductive segments, each of the conductive segments thereof integrally extending radially from the conductive center and being spaced from adjacent conductive segments by respective narrow radially-extending spaces originating in and traversing the first annular band; and preferably but not necessarily a second annular band of ray-like conductive segments, the conductive segments thereof integrally extending radially in pairs from a respective one of the conductive segment of the first annual band, and being spaced from adjacent pairs of conductive strips of the second annual band by respective longitudinal spaces originating in the first annular band and from one another by a narrow radially-extending space originating in and traversing the second annular band.

    摘要翻译： 用于微观地研究由钻孔穿过的地层的特征的壁接合装置包括安装在适于与钻孔的壁滑动接合的纵向细长的主体中的天线组。 天线组包括安装在主体中的发射器天线，用于将电磁能耦合到地层中; 用于感测指示特征的信号的接收机天线; 以及与发射器天线的磁偶极轴同轴安装的至少一个电积屏蔽元件。 电气静电屏蔽元件包括具有导电中心的导电非磁性材料片; 窄的射线状导电段的第一环形带，每个导电段从导电中心径向整体延伸，并由相应的狭窄的径向延伸的空间与相邻的导电段间隔开，并且穿过第一环形带; 并且优选地但不一定是第二环形带状的射线状导电段，其导电段从第一年龄段的导电区段中相应的一个成对地成对延伸并且与第一年龄段的相邻的导电条带成对延伸 第二年度带由相应的纵向空间起始于第一环形带，并且彼此由狭窄的径向延伸的空间起源于并穿过第二环形带。

    Apparatus for microinductive investigation of earth formations
    3.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for microinductive investigation of earth formations 失效
    地层微生物调查装置

    公开(公告)号：US4780678A

    公开(公告)日：1988-10-25

    申请号：US616327

    申请日：1984-05-31

    申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  Weng C. Chew ,  Brian Clark

    发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  Weng C. Chew ,  Brian Clark

    IPC分类号： G01V3/28 ,  G01V3/30

    CPC分类号： G01V3/28

    摘要： A wall-engaging apparatus for microinductively investigating a characteristic of an earth formation traversed by a borehole includes an antenna set mounted in a sensing body adapted for sliding engagement with the wall of the borehole. The antenna set includes first, second and third antenna elements. The second and third elements, being structurally identical but differentially coupled, are positioned in electromagnetic symmetry about the first antenna element. Either the first antenna element or the differentially coupled second and third antenna elements may be energized by suitable circuits, while the other is coupled to circuits for receiving signals indicative of a set characteristic. In another wall-engaging apparatus for microinductively investigating a characteristic of earth formations traversed by a borehole, a transmitter antenna is mounted in a conductive wall-engaging body, within a volume bounded in part by an integral conductive backplane and conductive side wall and opening to the wall-engaging face of the body, for coupling focused electromagnetic energy into a formation. The volume preferably is conformal with the transmitter antenna. Circuits are provided for energizing the transmitter antenna and for detecting a magnetic field from the engaged formation arising from the coupled electromagnetic energy.

    摘要翻译： 用于微观地研究由钻孔穿过的地层的特征的壁接合装置包括安装在适于与钻孔的壁滑动接合的感测体中的天线组。 天线组包括第一，第二和第三天线元件。 结构相同但差异耦合的第二和第三元件围绕第一天线元件定位在电磁对称中。 第一天线元件或差分耦合的第二和第三天线元件可以由合适的电路激励，而另一个耦合到用于接收指示集合特性的信号的电路。 在用于微观地研究由钻孔穿过的地层的特征的另一壁接合装置中，发射器天线安装在导电壁接合体内，该导体壁接合体在由一体的导电背板和导电侧壁限定的体积内， 身体的壁接合面，用于将聚焦的电磁能耦合到地层中。 体积优选地与发射器天线保形。 提供电路用于对发射机天线进行激励，并且用于检测由耦合的电磁能产生的被啮合的形式的磁场。

    Apparatus for microinductive investigation of earth formations
    4.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for microinductive investigation of earth formations 失效
    地层微生物调查装置

    公开(公告)号：US4845433A

    公开(公告)日：1989-07-04

    申请号：US616325

    申请日：1984-05-31

    申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  Donald G. Dudley ,  Weng C. Chew ,  Brian Clark

    发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  Donald G. Dudley ,  Weng C. Chew ,  Brian Clark

    IPC分类号： G01V3/28

    CPC分类号： G01V3/28

    摘要： A wall-engaging apparatus for microinductively investigating a characteristic of earth formations traversed by a borehole includes an antenna set mounted in a longitudinally elongated body adapted for a sliding engagement with the wall of the borehole. The antenna set includes a conductive backplane member mounted in the body parallel to the wall-engaging face of the body and first, second, and third half-loop antenna elements. The half-loop antenna elements are coaxial located symmetrically about the half-loop of the first antenna element, with their respective ends located at the backplane member to couple image currents in the backplane. The locations of the second and third antenna elements are further selected to place the second and third antenna elements in electromagnetic symmetry relative to the first antenna element. A differential coupler is included for coupling the second and third antenna elements.

    摘要翻译： 用于微观地研究由钻孔穿过的地层的特征的壁接合装置包括安装在纵向细长的主体中的天线组，其适于与钻孔的壁滑动接合。 天线组包括安装在主体中平行于主体的壁接合面的导电底板部件和第一，第二和第三半环天线元件。 半环形天线元件围绕第一天线元件的半环对称地同轴定位，并且它们各自的端部位于背板构件以耦合背板中的图像电流。 进一步选择第二和第三天线元件的位置以使第二和第三天线元件相对于第一天线元件电磁对称。 包括差分耦合器用于耦合第二和第三天线元件。

    Borehole measurement of NMR characteristics of earth formations
    6.
    发明授权
    Borehole measurement of NMR characteristics of earth formations 失效

    公开(公告)号：US5055787A

    公开(公告)日：1991-10-08

    申请号：US431368

    申请日：1989-12-05

    申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  Douglas D. Griffin ,  Masafumi Fukuhara ,  Abdurrahman Sezginer ,  Weng C. Chew

    发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  Douglas D. Griffin ,  Masafumi Fukuhara ,  Abdurrahman Sezginer ,  Weng C. Chew

    IPC分类号： G01R33/34 ,  G01R33/38 ,  G01R33/44 ,  G01V3/32

    CPC分类号： G01V3/32 ,  G01N24/081 ,  G01R33/341 ,  G01R33/3808 ,  G01R33/3671 ,  G01R33/443 ,  G01R33/448

    摘要： Borehole NMR logging apparatus and methods, and methods for the interpretation thereof. A logging tool is provided which produces a strong, static and homogeneous magnetic field B.sub.0 in a Volume of an adjacent formation on one side of the tool to measure nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the tool has an RF antenna mounted on the outside of the metal body of the tool, directing focussed oscillating magnetic fields B.sub.1 at said Volume to polarize or tip the magnetic moments of hydrogen nuclei of fluids within rock pores. The same antenna can be used to receive signals of proton precession in the Volume of interest immediately after transmission of the RF polarizing field B.sub.1. Extremely rapid damping of the antenna between the transmitting and receiving modes of operation is accomplished by a Q-switch disclosed herein. The invention provides for the direct measurement of NMR decay having transverse relaxation time T.sub.2 behavior, and further provides for the fast repetition of pulsed measurements from within a borehole. An additional magnet array may be mounted offset from the first magnet configuration to prepolarize a formation before it is measured in order to pre-align a larger number of protons than the single magnet configuration could do by itself. Additional features of the invention are disclosed which increase the Signal/Noise ratio of the measured data, and improve the quality and quantity of borehole NMR measurements, per unit of time spent. Disclosed interpretation methods determine fluid flow permeability and longitudinal relaxation time T.sub.1 -type parameters by directly comparing the measured decay signals (such as T.sub.2 or T.sub.2 * type decay) to a representation which responds to both the decay time t.sub.dec and the imposed polarization period prior to such decay t.sub.poi. The parameters of amplitude and T.sub.1 are determined and combined with certain preferred methods to generate robust values of formation characteristics such as fluid flow permeability. Other related methods are disclosed.

    Borehole measurement of NMR characteristics of earth formations, and interpretations thereof
    7.
    发明授权
    Borehole measurement of NMR characteristics of earth formations, and interpretations thereof 失效

    公开(公告)号：US4933638A

    公开(公告)日：1990-06-12

    申请号：US368916

    申请日：1989-06-19

    申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  Douglas D. Griffin ,  Masafumi Fukuhara ,  Abdurranhman Sezginer ,  Weng C. Chew ,  William E. Kenyon ,  Peter I. Day ,  Max Lipsicas

    发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  Douglas D. Griffin ,  Masafumi Fukuhara ,  Abdurranhman Sezginer ,  Weng C. Chew ,  William E. Kenyon ,  Peter I. Day ,  Max Lipsicas

    IPC分类号： G01R33/34 ,  G01R33/38 ,  G01R33/44 ,  G01V3/18 ,  G01V3/32

    CPC分类号： G01R33/341 ,  G01N24/081 ,  G01R33/3671 ,  G01R33/3808 ,  G01V3/32

    摘要： Borehole NMR logging apparatus and methods, and methods for the interpretation thereof. A logging tool is provided which produces a strong, static and homogeneous magnetic field B.sub.0 in a Volume of an adjacent formation on one side of the tool to measure nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the tool has an RF antenna mounted on the outside of the metal body of the tool, directing focussed oscillating magnetic fields B.sub.1 at said Volume to polarize or tip the magnetic moments of hydrogen nuclei of fluids within rock pores. The same antenna can be used to receive signals of proton precession in the Volume of interest immediately after transmission of the RF polarizing field B.sub.1. Extremely rapid damping of the antenna between the transmitting and receiving modes of operation is accomplished by a Q-switch disclosed herein. The invention provides for the direct measurement of NMR decay having transverse relaxation time T.sub.2 behavior, and further provides for the fast repetition of pulsed measurements from within a borehole. An additional magnet array may be mounted offset from the first magnet configuration to prepolarize a formation before it is measured in order to pre-align a larger number of protons than the single magnet configuration could do by itself. Additional features of the invention are disclosed which increase the Signal/Noise ratio of the measured data, and improve the quality and quantity of borehole NMR measurements, per unit of time spent. Disclosed interpretation methods determine fluid flow permeability and longitudinal relaxation time T.sub.1 -type parameters by directly comparing the measured decay signals (such as T.sub.2 and T.sub.2 * type decay) to a representation which responds to both the decay time t.sub.dec and the imposed polarization period prior to such decay, t.sub.pol. The parameters of amplitude and T.sub.1 are determined and combined with certain preferred methods to generate robust values of formation characteristics such as fluid flow permeability. Other related methods are disclosed.

    Magnetic resonance method for characterizing fluid samples withdrawn from subsurface formations
    8.
    发明授权
    Magnetic resonance method for characterizing fluid samples withdrawn from subsurface formations 有权
    用于表征从地下地层取出的流体样品的磁共振方法

    公开(公告)号：US06346813B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-02-12

    申请号：US09133234

    申请日：1998-08-13

    申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg

    发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg

    IPC分类号： G01U300

    CPC分类号： G01V3/32 ,  G01N24/081 ,  G01R33/60 ,  Y02A90/344

    摘要： Magnetic resonance techniques, e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR), are used in a fluid sampling tool that extracts a fluid from subsurface earth formations into a flow channel within the tool. The magnetic resonance techniques involve applying a static magnetic field and an oscillating magnetic field to the fluid in the flow channel, and magnetic resonance signals are detected from the fluid and analyzed to extract information about the fluid such as composition, viscosity, etc.

    摘要翻译： 磁共振技术，例如核磁共振（NMR）和电子自旋共振（ESR）被用于从地下地层中提取流体到流体通道内的流体采样工具。 磁共振技术包括对流道中的流体施加静磁场和振荡磁场，并从流体中检测磁共振信号，并分析以提取关于流体的信息，例如组成，粘度等。

    Pulsed nuclear magnetism tool for formation evaluation while drilling
    9.
    发明授权
    Pulsed nuclear magnetism tool for formation evaluation while drilling 失效
    用于钻井时形成评估的脉冲核磁工具

    公开(公告)号：US5914598A

    公开(公告)日：1999-06-22

    申请号：US727814

    申请日：1996-10-08

    申请人： Abdurrahman Sezginer ,  Robert L. Kleinberg

    发明人： Abdurrahman Sezginer ,  Robert L. Kleinberg

    IPC分类号： G01R33/383 ,  G01R33/44 ,  G01V3/32 ,  G01V3/00

    CPC分类号： G01V3/32 ,  G01N24/081 ,  G01R33/383

    摘要： A permanent magnet of a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device is positioned within a drill collar for evaluating earth formations. In this way, the torsional and bending strengths of the drill collar are maximized with relatively little sacrifice of the magnetic moment of the permanent magnet. The resulting tool makes NMR measurements while the formation is being drilled. An antenna for producing and detecting an oscillating RF field in the earth formation is either located in a groove in the outer surface of the drill collar, or in an alternative embodiment, the drill collar itself serves as an RF antenna.

    摘要翻译： 脉冲核磁共振（NMR）装置的永磁体位于用于评估地层的钻铤内。 以这种方式，钻铤的扭转和弯曲强度最大化，同时相对较少地牺牲永磁体的磁矩。 所得到的工具在钻探地层时进行NMR测量。 用于产生和检测地层中的振荡RF场的天线或者位于钻铤的外表面中的凹槽中，或者在替代实施例中，钻铤本身用作RF天线。