公开(公告)号：US5218826A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-15

申请号：US918903

申请日：1992-07-22

申请人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  William Kulik ,  Rustam Sethna ,  Ron C. Lee

发明人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  William Kulik ,  Rustam Sethna ,  Ron C. Lee

IPC分类号： A23L3/36 ,  A23L3/375 ,  F25D9/00

CPC分类号： F25D9/00 ,  A23L3/361 ,  A23L3/375

摘要： The present invention provides a food processing system and method for refrigerating articles of food. The food processing system includes at least two cooling stages formed by a cryogenic freezer and a hydrocooler. The cryogenic freezer receives the articles of food and transfers heat from the articles of food to the cryogen so that the articles of food are refrigerated. After the transfer of heat from the articles of food to the cryogen, the cryogen boils off to form cryogenic vapor. The hydrocooler receives the articles of food prior to the cryogenic freezer and transfers heat from the articles of food to supplied cooling water. Such heat transfer reduces the quantity of cryogen required to refrigerate the articles of food. Additionally, an eductor is connected to a pump and to vent line from the cryogenic freezer. The cooling water is pumped through the eductor to suction cryogenic vapor from the cryogenic freezer and to mix the cryogenic vapor and the cooling water prior to reception of the cooling water in the hydrocooler. Such mixing transfers heat from the cooling water to the cryogenic vapor to increase the heat transfer between the articles and the cooling water in the hydrocooler. As a result of such increased heat transfer, the amount of cryogen required in refrigerating the articles is further reduced The eductor and pump combination has general application to the cooling of articles.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于冷冻食品的食品加工系统和方法。 食品加工系统包括由低温冷冻器和冷却器形成的至少两个冷却段。 低温冷冻器接收食品，并将热量从食物物质传递到冷冻剂，以使食品冷藏。 在将食物从制品转移到冷冻剂之后，冷冻剂沸腾，形成低温蒸气。 冷冻器在低温冷冻机之前接收食物，并将热量从食物物质传送到供应的冷却水。 这种热传递减少了冷藏食品的所需的冷冻剂量。 此外，喷射器连接到泵并从低温冷冻器排出管线。 将冷却水通过喷射器泵送到来自低温冷冻器的低温蒸汽，并在冷却器中接收到冷却水之前混合低温蒸气和冷却水。 这种混合将热量从冷却水转移到低温蒸汽，以增加物品与冷却器中的冷却水之间的热传递。 由于这种增加的热传递的结果，制冷物品所需的制冷剂的量进一步减少。喷射器和泵组合一般适用于物品的冷却。

公开(公告)号：US5438845A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US263230

申请日：1994-06-21

申请人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  Ron C. Lee

发明人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  Ron C. Lee

IPC分类号： A23L3/375 ,  F25B9/00 ,  F25D13/06 ,  F28B9/00

CPC分类号： F25D13/067 ,  A23L3/375 ,  F25B9/004

摘要： A refrigeration device in which a heat load is refrigerated within a refrigeration chamber. Refrigerant is supplied, preferably, from a supply of turboexpanded air employing a compressor to compress the air and a turboexpander to expand the compressed air to a low temperature. A venturi-like device such as an ejector circulates the refrigerant within a circulation path within the refrigeration chamber so that heat is transferred from the heat load to the refrigerant. An incoming mass flow rate of the refrigerant is delivered to a high pressure inlet of the venturi-like device and a recirculation mass flow rate of the refrigerant is received within the low pressure inlet from the circulation path after the refrigerant has heat transferred thereto. A high pressure outlet discharges a mixture of the refrigerant that comprises the incoming and recirculation mass flow rates to the circulation path and prior to the heat load. Controls are provided to either control the recirculation mass flow rate of the refrigerant or a by-pass flow of refrigerant in a by-pass line communicating between the high pressure inlet and outlet. Such control acts to control circulation within the circulation path.

摘要翻译： 一种其中热负荷在冷藏室内冷藏的制冷装置。 优选地，从供应涡轮膨胀的空气供应制冷剂，该空气采用压缩机压缩空气，涡轮膨胀机将压缩空气膨胀至低温。 诸如喷射器的文丘里状装置在制冷室内的循环路径内循环制冷剂，使得热量从热负荷传递到制冷剂。 制冷剂的进入质量流量被输送到文氏管状装置的高压入口，并且在制冷剂传递到其上之后，制冷剂的再循环质量流量从循环路径接收在低压入口内。 高压出口将包括进入和再循环质量流量的制冷剂的混合物排出到循环路径并在热负荷之前。 提供控制以控制制冷剂的再循环质量流量或在高压入口和出口之间连通的旁通管线中的制冷剂的旁路流量。 这种控制用于控制循环路径内的循环。

公开(公告)号：US5101636A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-07

申请号：US633903

申请日：1990-12-26

申请人： Ron C. Lee ,  Mark J. Kirschner

发明人： Ron C. Lee ,  Mark J. Kirschner

IPC分类号： B29C49/64 ,  B29L22/00 ,  F17C5/02 ,  F17C7/00 ,  F17C9/00 ,  F17C13/02 ,  F17D3/10

CPC分类号： F17C13/02 ,  F17C9/00 ,  F17C2203/0329 ,  F17C2203/0391 ,  F17C2221/014 ,  F17C2223/0161 ,  F17C2225/0123 ,  F17C2225/0161 ,  F17C2250/061 ,  F17C2250/0673 ,  F17C2270/05

摘要： The present invention relates to a cryogen delivery apparatus and method for delivering a flowing cryogen with a regulated cooling potential. The apparatus includes a pressure vessel for receiving a liquid form of the cryogen. A liquid-vapor interface is maintained within the pressure vessel so that a gaseous form of the cryogen having a low cooling potential is situated above the liquid-vapor interface and a liquid form of the cryogen having a high cooling potential is situated below the liquid-vapor interface. An outlet conduit is provided for delivering the gas and liquid forms of the cryogen from the pressure vessel. The conduit has a moveable end section located within the pressure vessel. When the moveable end section is oscillated above and below the level of a liquid-vapor interface, a two-phase flow of cryogen is delivered comprising the pure gaseous and liquid forms of the cryogen. A timing control circuit is provided to selectively regulate the time intervals that moveable end section is above and below the liquid-vapor interface during each period of oscillation. Such regulation in turn regulates the proportions of the gaseous and liquid forms and thus, the cooling potential contained in the delivered cryogen.

公开(公告)号：US5018358A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-28

申请号：US496397

申请日：1990-03-20

申请人： Ron C. Lee ,  Mark J. Kirschner

发明人： Ron C. Lee ,  Mark J. Kirschner

IPC分类号： F17C9/00 ,  F17C13/02

CPC分类号： F17C13/02 ,  F17C9/00 ,  F17C2203/0329 ,  F17C2203/0391 ,  F17C2205/0332 ,  F17C2221/013 ,  F17C2221/014 ,  F17C2223/0161 ,  F17C2225/0123 ,  F17C2225/0161 ,  F17C2250/061 ,  F17C2250/0673 ,  F17C2270/05

摘要： The present invention relates to an apparatus for delivery of pure gaseous and liquid forms of cryogen. The apparatus includes a pressure vessel for receiving a liquid form of the cryogen. A liquid-vapor interface is maintained within the pressure vessel by a liquid level detector and a cut-off valve connected to the level detector to vent the gaseous form of the cryogen to the atmosphere when the liquid form falls below a predetermined level. A heated overflow tube projects into the pressure vessel and is positioned at the predetermined level of the liquid. When the liquid rises above the predetermined level, it flowws into the overflow tube and is heated to vapor to add to the gaseous form of the cryogen within the pressure vessel. An outlet conduit is provided for delivering the gas and liquid forms of the cryogen from the pressure vessel. The conduit has a moveable end section located within the pressure vessel. When the movable end section is moved above the level of a liquid-vapor interface, the gas form of the material is delivered from the conduit; and when the moveable end section is positioned below the liquid-vapor interface, a pure liquid form of the cryogen is delivered from the pressure vessel. Movement of the moveable end section of the conduit is preferably controlled by a solenoid connected to a timing circuit.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于输送纯气体和液体形式的冷冻剂的装置。 该装置包括用于接收液体形式的冷冻剂的压力容器。 通过液位检测器和连接到液位检测器的截止阀将液体 - 蒸汽界面保持在压力容器内，以在液体形式下降到预定水平以下时将气态形式的冷冻剂排放到大气中。 加热的溢流管伸入压力容器中并且位于液体的预定水平。 当液体升高到高于预定水平时，它流入溢流管并被加热至蒸气以加压至压力容器内的气态形式的冷冻剂。 提供出口导管，用于从压力容器输送冷冻剂的气体和液体形式。 导管具有位于压力容器内的可移动端部。 当可移动端部移动到高于液 - 液界面的高度时，材料的气体形式从导管输送; 并且当可移动端部位于液 - 蒸汽界面下方时，冷却剂的纯液体形式从压力容器输送。 导管的可移动端部的移动优选地由连接到定时电路的螺线管控制。

公开(公告)号：US5349828A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-27

申请号：US122676

申请日：1993-09-17

申请人： Ron C. Lee ,  Mark J. Kirschner

发明人： Ron C. Lee ,  Mark J. Kirschner

IPC分类号： A23L3/36 ,  A23L3/375 ,  B65G45/22 ,  F25D3/11 ,  F28G1/00

CPC分类号： F25D3/11 ,  A23L3/361 ,  A23L3/375 ,  B65G45/22 ,  F25D2317/0661 ,  F25D2400/22

摘要： A freezer having a freezing compartment and a porous conveyor belt for conveying articles through the freezing compartment. A vaporizer is provided to vaporize a stream of liquid cryogen. Vaporized cryogen is directed against the belt as a plurality of jets to blow accumulated ice off the belt. The vaporizer is located within the freezing compartment so that the cooling potential of the cryogen is not wasted and the vaporizer can serve as a preferential condensation site for the moisture.

摘要翻译： 具有冷冻室的冷冻器和用于输送物品通过冷冻室的多孔输送带。 提供蒸发器以蒸发液体冷冻剂流。 蒸发的冷冻剂作为多个喷射器被引导到带上以将积聚的冰从带上吹出。 蒸发器位于冷冻室内，使得冷冻剂的冷却潜力不被浪费，并且蒸发器可以用作水分的优先冷凝位置。

公开(公告)号：US06210527B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-03

申请号：US08213290

申请日：1994-03-14

申请人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  Rustam H. Sethna

发明人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  Rustam H. Sethna

IPC分类号： D21C1104

CPC分类号： D21C9/153 ,  D21C9/147

摘要： A method for producing bleached wood pulp in which wood chips are digested in polysulfide liquor to produce brown stock pulp. The brown stock pulp is washed to produce washed brown stock wood pulp and weak black liquor and the washed wood pulp is then delignified in an oxygen delignification stage to produce oxygen delignified wood pulp. The delignified wood pulp is then ozone bleached in an ozone bleaching stage in which a waste stream principally containing ozone, carbon dioxide and oxygen is produced. The ozone-bleached pulp is introduced into an extractive oxidation stage which can include peroxide to further bleach the pulp and the product of the extractive oxidation stage is then either introduced into either a peroxide or chlorine dioxide bleaching stage. The waste stream is recovered and scrubbed with either white liquor, oxidized white liquor, or fully oxidized white liquor either in a separate scrubber or during oxidation reactions occurring in either polysulfide, white liquor or complete white liquor production stages. The scrubbing with white liquor or oxidized white liquor removes ozone and carbon dioxide so that the scrubbed stream can be utilized in the oxygen delignification stage. This eliminates the need for ozone destruct units. Moreover, the polysulfide liquor is utilized in the digestion of the wood pulp and the thiosulfate liquor is used in the oxygen delignification of the washed wood pulp. The fully oxidized white liquor can be utilized within the extractive oxidation stage and optionally can be used in a peroxide bleaching stage if present. The oxygen removed from the scrubbed stream can be balanced with oxygen demand of the foregoing stages.

摘要翻译： 一种生产漂白木浆的方法，其中木屑在多硫化物液中消化以产生棕色浆料。 洗涤棕色浆料以产生洗涤的棕色木浆和弱黑液，然后在氧脱木质阶段脱水，然后将经洗涤的木浆脱木质，以生产脱木质木材纸浆。 然后将脱木质木浆臭氧漂白在臭氧漂白阶段，其中产生主要含有臭氧，二氧化碳和氧的废物流。 将臭氧漂白的纸浆引入萃取氧化阶段，其可以包括过氧化物以进一步漂白纸浆，然后将萃取氧化阶段的产物引入过氧化物或二氧化氯漂白阶段。 在单独的洗涤器中或在发生在多硫化物，白液或完全白液生产阶段的氧化反应期间，用白液，氧化白液或完全氧化的白液回收废物流并进行洗涤。 用白液或氧化白液进行洗涤除去臭氧和二氧化碳，使得洗涤流可用于脱氧脱氧阶段。 这消除了臭氧破坏装置的需要。 此外，多硫化物液体用于木浆的消化，硫代硫酸盐溶液用于洗涤过的木浆的氧脱木质素。 完全氧化的白液可用于萃取氧化阶段，任选地可用于过氧化物漂白阶段（如果存在）。 从洗涤流中除去的氧可以与上述阶段的氧需求平衡。

公开(公告)号：US5460696A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-24

申请号：US105248

申请日：1993-08-12

申请人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  Rustam H. Sethna

发明人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  Rustam H. Sethna

IPC分类号： D21C9/10 ,  D21C9/147

CPC分类号： D21C9/1005 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21C9/147

摘要： An oxygen delignification method and apparatus in which a charge of heated wood pulp is reacted with oxygen in the presence of a charge of caustic soda in a plurality of reaction stages located between mixing stages in which caustic is mixed with the wood pulp. The use of the plurality of mixing stages reduces peak pH exposure of the wood pulp that would otherwise occur if the charges of caustic and wood pulp were mixed all at once. Moreover, the caustic mixed in such manner replenishes neutralized caustic and ensures that the average pH level is increased above that in conventional oxygen delignification. The increase in average pH level favors an increase in the delignification. Filtrate from a washing stage is introduced into the mixing stages to prevent wood pulp degradation. Oxygen is mixed within the wood pulp by a wood pulp mixer that employs coaxial perforate passageways between which the wood pulp is retained and driven but which allow the oxygen to pass in an inward radial direction of the passageways to mix with the wood pulp.

摘要翻译： 一种氧脱木素方法和设备，其中加热的木浆的装料在苛性苏打的存在下，在位于混合阶段之间的多个反应阶段中与氧反应，所述混合阶段中的苛性碱与木浆混合。 多个混合阶段的使用降低了木浆的峰值pH暴露，否则如果苛性碱和木浆的电荷一次全部混合，则可能会发生。 此外，以这种方式混合的苛性碱补充中和的苛性碱，并确保平均pH水平提高到高于常规氧脱木素中的水平。 平均pH值的增加有利于脱木质素的增加。 将来自洗涤阶段的滤液引入混合阶段以防止木浆降解。 氧气通过木浆混合器在木浆混合器中混合，该木浆混合器采用同轴穿孔通道，木浆在其间保持和驱动，但允许氧气通过通道的向内径向与木浆混合。

公开(公告)号：US5076487A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-31

申请号：US671623

申请日：1991-03-19

申请人： Nikhiles Bandyopadhyay ,  Mark J. Kirschner

发明人： Nikhiles Bandyopadhyay ,  Mark J. Kirschner

IPC分类号： B23K1/00 ,  B23K1/19 ,  B23K35/38

CPC分类号： B23K1/19 ,  B23K1/00 ,  B23K35/38

摘要： A method of joining components to a substrate by reflow soldering with non-rosin-based flux containing solder is disclosed comprising heating the solder in the presence of the components in a low oxidizing atmosphere.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过使用非松香类助焊剂含有焊料的回流焊接将部件接合到基板的方法，包括在低氧化气氛中在部件存在下加热焊料。

公开(公告)号：US5772717A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-30

申请号：US716976

申请日：1996-09-20

申请人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  Hamdi Kozlu ,  Michael K. Sahm

发明人： Mark J. Kirschner ,  Hamdi Kozlu ,  Michael K. Sahm

IPC分类号： B32B17/10 ,  C03B27/02 ,  C03B27/04 ,  C21D1/18 ,  C03B27/00 ,  C03B21/00 ,  C03B23/00 ,  C03B25/00

CPC分类号： B32B17/1099 ,  C03B27/026

摘要： A method of tempering an article is disclosed in which an article is heated so that the material making up the article is in an essentially stress-free state and the article thereafter is quenched and cooled. At the conclusion of the quenching, a stress pattern in initiated through the thickness of the article in which the midplane layer is in tension and the surface layers are in compression. This stress pattern is further developed during the cooling stage. The article is quenched by spraying the surfaces with a coolant, preferably comprising either liquid nitrogen or liquid air in the form of a two phase flow of liquid and vapor. The liquid is sprayed so that the surface tensile stress of the surface layers are not exceeded and the liquid does not accumulate on the surface layers as a film.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种对制品进行回火的方法，其中制品被加热，使得构成制品的材料处于基本上无应力的状态，并且其后的制品被淬火和冷却。 在淬火结束时，通过制品的厚度引起应力模式，其中中平面层处于拉伸状态并且表面层处于压缩状态。 这种应力模式在冷却阶段进一步发展。 该制品通过用冷却剂喷涂表面来淬火，所述冷却剂优选地包括液相和蒸气两相流形式的液氮或液体空气。 喷射液体使得表面层的表面拉伸应力不被超过，并且液体作为膜不会积聚在表面层上。

公开(公告)号：US5439556A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US143590

申请日：1993-11-01

申请人： Rustam H. Sethna ,  Mark J. Kirschner ,  Richard W. Potthoff

发明人： Rustam H. Sethna ,  Mark J. Kirschner ,  Richard W. Potthoff

IPC分类号： D21C11/04 ,  D21C11/00

CPC分类号： D21C11/0057

摘要： A method of producing oxidized white liquor from white liquor in which sodium sulfide is oxidized to sodium sulfate. In accordance with the method, an oxygen containing gas is contacted with the white liquor at a temperature of at least 110.degree. C. and such that the total pressure of oxygen and water vapor is no less than 9.2 atmospheres during the contacting.

摘要翻译： 从白液中生产氧化白液的方法，其中硫化钠被氧化成硫酸钠。 根据该方法，在至少110℃的温度下使含氧气体与白液接触，并且使得在接触期间氧气和水蒸汽的总压力不低于9.2个大气压。