公开(公告)号：US20050016922A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-27

申请号：US10807044

申请日：2004-03-23

申请人： Ronald Enzweiler ,  Peter Allan ,  Jurgen Strasser

发明人： Ronald Enzweiler ,  Peter Allan ,  Jurgen Strasser

IPC分类号： B01D61/02 ,  B01D61/04 ,  C02F1/44 ,  B01D11/00

CPC分类号： C02F1/441 ,  B01D61/022 ,  Y02A20/131 ,  Y02W10/37

摘要： A system and method for desalinating a feed solution containing a high level of sparingly soluble solutes, such as calcium sulfate, in which a high percentage of the water content of the feed solution is recovered as purified water. The method and system comprise introducing a sufficient quantity of nucleation crystals on the low pressure side of a first-pass membrane separation unit so that the sparingly soluble solutes precipitate on the suspended nucleation crystals, instead of on the surface of the first-pass semi-permeable membrane barrier. The permeate from the first-pass membrane separation unit is then sent to the high pressure side of a second-pass membrane separation unit. The second-pass semi-permeable membrane barrier rejects additional dissolved solutes, some of which can be recycled back to the first-pass membrane, so that permeate with a low level of dissolved solutes is produced on the low pressure side of the second-pass membrane barrier.

摘要翻译： 一种用于使含有高水平的微溶性溶质如硫酸钙的进料溶液脱盐的系统和方法，其中高比例的进料溶液的水分含量作为纯化水回收。 该方法和系统包括在第一步膜分离单元的低压侧引入足量的成核晶体，使得微溶溶质沉淀在悬浮的成核晶体上，而不是在第一遍半分离单元的表面上， 渗透膜屏障。 然后将来自第一步膜分离单元的渗透物送至第二道膜分离单元的高压侧。 第二道半透膜隔离物排除另外的溶解溶质，其中一些溶解的溶质可以再循环回第一道膜，从而在第二道次的低压侧产生低水平的溶解溶质的渗透物 膜屏障。

公开(公告)号：US20090023947A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-22

申请号：US12168342

申请日：2008-07-07

申请人： Gunter Lipowsky ,  Joachim Wulff-Doring ,  Peter Zurowski ,  Jurgen Strasser

发明人： Gunter Lipowsky ,  Joachim Wulff-Doring ,  Peter Zurowski ,  Jurgen Strasser

IPC分类号： C07C69/54

CPC分类号： C07C67/54 ,  C07C67/04 ,  C07C67/62 ,  C07C69/54

摘要： A process for preparing tertiary alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, comprising the steps of: (1) reacting (meth)acrylic acid with at least one olefin of the general formula I: in which R1 and R2 are an alkyl radical, and R3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, a cycloalkyl radical, an aryl radical, an alkylcycloalkyl radical, an alkylaryl radical, a cycloalkylaryl radical, or an alkylcycloalkylaryl radical; in homogeneous phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst in a reactor, (2) discharging the resulting reaction mixture (1) from the reactor, (3) separating the discharged reaction mixture (2) into a mixture (3.1) which comprises the catalyst and a mixture (3.2) which comprises the tertiary alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, and (4) removing the tertiary alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical from the mixture (3.2), wherein, (5) in process step (4), at least one compound S which comprises at least one N-oxyl group is added as a stabilizer.

摘要翻译： 一种制备烷基中具有至少4个碳原子的（甲基）丙烯酸叔烷基酯的方法，包括以下步骤：（1）使（甲基）丙烯酸与至少一种通式Ⅰ的烯烃反应： 其中R1和R2是烷基，R3是氢原子，烷基，环烷基，芳基，烷基环烷基，烷基芳基，环烷基芳基或烷基环烷基芳基; 在反应器中存在酸性催化剂的同时，（2）将反应混合物（1）从反应器中排出，（3）将排出的反应混合物（2）分离成包含催化剂的混合物（3.1） 和包含烷基中具有至少4个碳原子的（甲基）丙烯酸叔烷基酯的混合物（3.2），和（4）除去具有至少4个碳原子的（甲基）丙烯酸的叔烷基酯 在来自混合物（3.2）的烷基中，其中（5）在方法步骤（4）中，加入至少一种包含至少一个N-氧基的化合物S作为稳定剂。