Abstract:
An all stainless steel grounding electrode uses a coating of stainless steel for an upper collar which has a dual purpose cable connector. The cable connector can accommodate a cable lug and bolt connection or a cad weld connection. A cap for the collar has a one quarter turn dual heavy duty thread set to prevent corrosion from locking up the cap. An osmotic material is placed and replaced in the grounding electrode via the cap.
Abstract:
A lightning shield reduces the chance for a direct hit on a person by placing an inverted hemispherical dome over the person's head and shoulders. The dome has a conductive covering, preferably a wire mesh. The dome thwarts ground leaders from completing a circuit to a descending lightning streamer from a cloud. Embodiments include umbrellas, backpack models, balloons, and mini-shelters.
Abstract:
An equipment for a preventive lightning protection of at least partly neutralizing the electric potentials of the atmosphere's charges. This is accomplished through the application of a high-potential d.c. voltage to a vertical structural post carrying on its top a member adapted to radiate an electric field of a magnitude, polarity and duration adjusted by a control unit in response to the condition of the atmospheric charge as sensed and relayed to the control unit by a sensor.
Abstract:
A lightning termination preventer (LTP) system to prevent the termination of a lightning stroke within a protected area is disclosed. The LTP system may comprise one or more ionizer arrays located above a protected area. The ionizer arrays are electrically connected to a grounding system and may comprise an essentially flat surface with a plurality of vertical ionizer protrusions. The ionizer protrusions may comprise a blunt distal end. The ionizer arrays may comprise a variety of shapes and may also comprise a short skirt. The radius of protection of a single ionizer array may be estimated. Additionally, the area protected by a plurality of ionizer arrays may be estimated.
Abstract:
Underwriters Laboratories lists lightning protection components as described in their UL 96, Third Edition Publication. The present invention improves on the basic lightning rod systems. The improvement provides a multiplicity of points extending in all directions from the top of a supporting rod which is designed to fit the conventional lightning rod mounting bases. The points are separated and configured to produce maximum ionization current commensurate and configured to carry an above average lightning strike current flow. The result is a hybrid lightning air terminal and lightning prevention system module named the Spline Ball Terminal (SBT). The SBT partially equalizes the charge differential between the protected site and the cloud thereby preventing many strokes from occurring. If a high energy stroke does enter the protected zone, then the SBT acts like a traditional UL approved lightning rod, but with much greater efficiency. The SBT is the only UL listed hybrid lightning dissipation and lightning rod system that can satisfy both design criteria.
Abstract:
A coaxial, cross-shaped connector unit for insertion into a coaxial conductor line operating at VHF and higher frequencies, utilizing two right-angle conductor and shell legs for arresting the excessive voltages and two other specific shell legs for the installation of arc-extinguishing means and wave-length matching adjustment, respectively.
Abstract:
Simple lightning rod systems divert a lightning stroke away from a protected facility. They do nothing to prevent a lightning stroke from occurring. The present invention represents the state of the art improvements in lightning prevention systems. These prevention systems are termed dissipating systems because they neutralize the charge differential between the cloud and the protected facility before the flashover point occurs. The flashover point is seen as lightning. The present dissipative systems leak off the charge differential slowly before the flashover point is reached. The present invention pinpoints the critical design parameters for the optimization of dissipative array systems. The critical design parameters include the number, size and spacing of both the ionizer points and their conductive wires. These Dissipation Array Systems (DAS) provide up to 100% prevention protection from lightning strokes.
Abstract:
A grounding electrode which is automatically moisturized from a solar powered humidifier that produces the required moisture through solar radiation to which it and its component parts are exposed. The generation of moisture is therefore a function of the available sunlight, the thereby radiated heat and the soil dryness. A unit operating on utility power is also described.
Abstract:
A voltage regulator capable of maintaining the output voltage of a unit, such as a power supply, incorporating said voltage regulator within, for example, .+-.5 percent of say, 115 volts, a.c., without any interruptions in the power supply output voltage and without any distortion of the a.c. sine wave.This is accomplished through the monitoring of varying secondary transformer output voltages according to the primary input voltage variations by means of a comparator processing a signal to power relays which switch to specific secondary transformer taps without causing interruptions of the output power and without distortions of the a.c. sine wave, respectively. Various additional devices are provided to enhance the described regulated a.c. power supply performance.