Abstract:
A wireless communication device includes a terminal body including a near field communication (NFC) function and accessories which are attached to the terminal body, and includes a wireless authentication module for an authentication operation through wireless communication with the terminal body. The authentication operation is performed using inductive coupling between an NFC coil of the terminal body and an authentication coil of the wireless authentication module, and in the case that the accessories are attached to the terminal body, the wireless authentication module is disposed so that at least a part of the authentication coil is located outside the NFC coil.
Abstract:
A security device includes a physical unclonable function (PUF) cell array that includes a plurality of PUF cells connected with a first word line, a controller that selects a target PUF cell of the plurality of PUF cells and outputs a control signal based on the target PUF cell, a decoder that applies a first voltage to the first word line in response to the control signal, a bit line selection circuit that outputs a target current across a bit line connected with the target PUF cell and a sum current corresponding to a sum of currents across the remaining bit lines connected with other PUF cells, and a bit determiner that outputs a target bit of the target PUF cell based on the target current and the sum current, and the security device generates a security key based on the target bit for responding to an authentication requests.
Abstract:
A data processing apparatus and method are disclosed. The data processing apparatus may include a host core configured to generate a control message to control a direct memory access (DMA), the DMA configured to generate a memory request based on the control message, a memory controller configured to generate a memory command based on the memory request, and a processor configured to perform an operation in a memory based on the memory command.
Abstract:
An electronic device that compresses data and an operating method thereof are provided. The electronic device includes a processor configured to express each of a plurality of data according to a floating-point format that includes a sign field, an exponent identifier field, and a mantissa field, wherein an exponent identifier field included in each of the plurality of data includes a bit value that represents any one of a plurality of exponents.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a training method and apparatus for distributed training of a neural network, the training apparatus including processors configured to perform distributed training, wherein each of the processors is further configured to perform a forward direction operation for layers of the neural network, determine a loss of the neural network based on the forward direction operation, determine a local gradient for each layer of the neural network by performing a backward direction operation for the layers of the neural network based on the loss, determine whether to perform gradient clipping for a local gradient determined for a previous layer, in response to determining a local gradient for a current layer through the backward direction operation, determine an aggregated gradient based on the backward direction operation and the gradient clipping performed by each of the processors, and update parameters of the neural network based on the aggregated gradient.