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公开(公告)号：US06235533B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US09040633
申请日：1998-03-18
IPC分类号： G01N3300
CPC分类号： G01N33/24 , G01N33/383
摘要： A method of determining a quantity of amorphous SiC2-containing impurities in a montmorillonite clay sample comprising the steps of: (a) analyzing the clay sample to determine the weight percent of SiO2 contained in the clay sample; (b) analyzing the clay sample for non-montmorillonite SiO2-containing crystalline components; (c) calculating the weight percent of SiO2 from step (a) that is derived from the montmorillonite and amorphous SiQ2-containing impurities by lowering the weight percent of SiO2 in step (a) based on the non-montmorillonite SiO2-containing crystalline impurities found in step (b); and (d) determining the amorphous SiO2-containing impurity portion of the SiO2 calculated in step (c) by further lowering the amount of SiO2 from step (c) until the amount of montmorillonite-derived SiO2 is consistent with one or more properties of the clay sample, the amount of further lowering being proportional to an amount of amorphous SiO2-containing impurities contained in the clay sample.
摘要翻译： 一种测定蒙脱石粘土样品中含无定形SiC 2的杂质的量的方法，包括以下步骤：（a）分析粘土样品以确定粘土样品中所含的SiO 2的重量百分比;（b）分析粘土样品 非蒙脱土SiO 2的结晶成分;（c）通过降低步骤（a）中SiO 2的重量百分比来计算源自蒙脱土和含有无定形SiQ 2的杂质的步骤（a）中SiO 2的重量百分比，基于 在步骤（b）中发现的非蒙脱石SiO 2结晶杂质; 和（d）通过进一步降低步骤（c）中的SiO 2的量直到由蒙脱石衍生的SiO 2的量与所述SiO 2的一个或多个性质一致来确定在步骤（c）中计算出的SiO 2的无定形SiO 2杂质部分 粘土样品，进一步降低的量与粘土样品中所含的无定形SiO 2杂质的量成比例。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6050509A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-18
申请号：US40639
申请日：1998-03-18
CPC分类号： C01B33/40 , C09C1/42 , C01P2004/51 , C01P2004/53 , C01P2004/61 , C01P2006/80
摘要： A clay purification process, for removing impurities recovered with the clay, particularly a montmorillonite clay, includes the steps of separating the clay from rocks and other large non-clay impurities; dispersing the clay and smaller impurities in water, preferably at a concentration of at least about 4% by weight clay, based on the total weight of clay and water, more preferably about 6-10% by weight clay in water, to provide a clay slurry; passing the clay slurry through a series of hydrocyclones to remove the larger particles (impurities) while retaining clay particles having a size of about 100 microns or less, particularly about 80 microns or less; ion exchanging the clay to remove at least about 95% of the interlayer, multivalent (e.g., divalent and trivalent) cations in an ion exchange column, wherein the multivalent ions are replaced by monovalent cations, such as sodium, lithium and/or hydrogen; and then centrifuging the clay to remove a majority of the particles having a size in the range of about 0.5 .mu.m to about 100 .mu.m.
摘要翻译： 用于去除用粘土，特别是蒙脱土粘土回收的杂质的粘土净化方法包括将粘土与岩石和其它大的非粘土杂质分离的步骤; 基于粘土和水的总重量，更优选将粘土和较小的杂质分散在水中，优选以至少约4重量％的粘土的浓度，更优选约6-10重量％的粘土在水中，以提供粘土 泥浆; 使粘土浆通过一系列水力旋流器以除去较大的颗粒（杂质），同时保留尺寸为约100微米或更小，特别是约80微米或更小的粘土颗粒; 离子交换粘土以在离子交换柱中除去至少约95％的中间层，多价（例如二价和三价）阳离子，其中多价离子被一价阳离子如钠，锂和/或氢代替; 然后离心粘土以除去尺寸在约0.5μm至约100μm的范围内的大部分颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US5584609A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-17
申请号：US416273
申请日：1995-04-04
申请人： Mark Clarey , Donald Mathews
发明人： Mark Clarey , Donald Mathews
CPC分类号： E02D31/004 , E02D2300/0043 , Y10T428/23921
摘要： An improved method of manufacturing geosynthetic clay liners is provided. The method of manufacture enables the construction of a structurally sound liner without the use of glue or adhesive and further without the use of needle punching or quilting. The method of manufacture also eliminates the need for any subsequent drying step. Water in combination with compression is used to adhere the granular bentonite layer to the inside surfaces of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet and further to provide structural stability to the bentonite layer itself.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种制造土工合成粘土衬垫的改进方法。 该制造方法能够在不使用胶水或粘合剂的情况下构造结构良好的衬垫，并且进一步不使用针刺或绗缝。 制造方法也不需要任何随后的干燥步骤。 使用与压缩结合的水将颗粒状膨润土层粘附到覆盖片和主载体片的内表面，并进一步为膨润土层本身提供结构稳定性。
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公开(公告)号：US5436050A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-25
申请号：US6227
申请日：1993-01-19
申请人： Richard Carriker , Mark Clarey
发明人： Richard Carriker , Mark Clarey
CPC分类号： E02D31/004 , E02D17/20 , Y10T428/23921 , Y10T428/23957 , Y10T428/23971 , Y10T428/23979
摘要： A geosynthetic clay liner is disclosed for providing barriers in landfills that substantially preclude the migration of liquids. The geosynthetic clay liner includes a layer of bentonite disposed between a primary carrier sheet and a cover sheet. The primary carrier sheet and the cover sheet are linked via plurality of tufting threads. A bight or loop portion of the tufting thread extends through to the undersurface of the lower or primary carrier sheet and is partially melted to prevent the bight portion from slipping back through the primary carrier sheet. The partially melted bight portions create an under surface with a high coefficient of friction thereby enabling the geosynthetic clay liner to be installed on steep slopes or banks of landfills or ponds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在填埋场中提供屏障的土工合成粘土衬垫，其基本上排除了液体的迁移。 土工合成粘土衬垫包括设置在主承载片和覆盖片之间的膨润土层。 主载片和盖板通过多个簇绒螺纹连接。 簇绒线的弯曲或环形部分延伸穿过下部或主要载体片材的下表面并被部分熔化，以防止弯曲部分通过主要载体片材滑回。 部分熔化的弯曲部分产生具有高摩擦系数的底面，从而使得土工合成粘土衬垫能够安装在陡坡或堆填区或池塘上。
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公开(公告)号：US5900085A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US102937
申请日：1998-06-23
申请人： Mark Clarey , Donald Mathews
发明人： Mark Clarey , Donald Mathews
CPC分类号： E02D31/004 , E02D2300/0043 , Y10T428/23921
摘要： An improved method of manufacturing geosynthetic clay liners is provided. The method of manufacture enables the construction of a structurally sound liner without the use of glue or adhesive and further without the use of needle punching or quilting. The method of manufacture also eliminates the need for any subsequent drying step. Water in combination with compression is used to adhere the granular bentonite layer to the inside surfaces of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet and further to provide structural ability to the bentonite layer itself.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种制造土工合成粘土衬垫的改进方法。 该制造方法能够在不使用胶水或粘合剂的情况下构造结构良好的衬垫，并且进一步不使用针刺或绗缝。 制造方法也不需要任何随后的干燥步骤。 使用与压缩结合的水将颗粒状膨润土层粘附到覆盖片和初级载体片的内表面，并进一步提供膨润土层本身的结构能力。
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公开(公告)号：US5529438A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-25
申请号：US247939
申请日：1994-05-24
申请人： Richard W. Carriker , Mark Clarey
发明人： Richard W. Carriker , Mark Clarey
CPC分类号： B09B1/00 , E02D31/004
摘要： A clay liner is provided for use in constructing low permeability barriers in the bottom of landfills and man-made bodies of water. The liner is provided in the form of a layer of bentonite preferably disposed between a primary carrier sheet and a cover sheet. At least one outer edge of either the cover sheet or the primary carrier sheet is made from a material that allows substantial bentonite migration through or includes a slit that enables bentonite to migrate through while the remaining areas of the cover sheet or primary carrier sheet are fabricated from a fabric that does not permit substantial bentonite migration. When two liners are disposed adjacent to each other in the bottom of the landfill or pond, the two liners are overlapped so that the more open portion of one liner engages the adjacent liner. Upon activation, the bentonite migrates through the more open fabric to create a seal between the two adjacent liners. The result is a self-sealing geosynthetic clay liner system.
摘要翻译： 提供粘土衬垫，用于在垃圾填埋场底部和人造水体中建造低渗透性屏障。 衬垫以膨润土层的形式提供，优选地设置在主承载片和覆盖片之间。 覆盖片或主承载片的至少一个外边缘由允许大量膨润土迁移通过或包括使得膨润土迁移通过的狭缝的材料制成，而覆盖片或初级载体片的其余区域被制造 从不允许大量膨润土迁移的织物。 当两个衬垫在垃圾填埋场或池塘的底部彼此相邻地布置时，两个衬垫重叠，使得一个衬套的较开的部分接合相邻的衬垫。 活化后，膨润土通过更开放的织物迁移，在两个相邻衬垫之间形成密封。 结果是自密封土工合成粘土衬垫系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5403126A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US36761
申请日：1993-03-25
申请人： Richard Carriker , Mark Clarey , Robert Burton
发明人： Richard Carriker , Mark Clarey , Robert Burton
CPC分类号： E02D31/004 , E02B3/122 , E02D17/20
摘要： A friction enhancing material is applied to at least one surface of the geosynthetic clay liner. The placement of friction enhancing material on the surface of the liner that engages a slope or embankment of a landfill helps the liner maintain its position during and after installation. The improved frictional contact between the liner and the slope or embankment permits use of bentonite liners on steeper slopes or embankments and therefore enables more efficient construction of landfills. The friction enhancement material may also be applied to the surface to improve contact between the upper surface of the geosynthetic clay liner and the cover soil. The friction enhancement material may be high density polyethylene, EVA, rubbers and other polymeric materials.
摘要翻译： 将摩擦增强材料施加到土工合成粘土衬垫的至少一个表面。 摩擦增强材料在与衬垫的斜面或路堤接合的衬垫的表面上的放置有助于衬垫在安装期间和之后保持其位置。 衬垫与斜坡或路堤之间的改善的摩擦接触允许在更陡的斜坡或路堤上使用膨润土衬垫，因此能够更有效地构建垃圾填埋场。 还可以将摩擦增强材料施加到表面以改善土工合成粘土衬垫的上表面与覆盖土壤之间的接触。 摩擦增强材料可以是高密度聚乙烯，EVA，橡胶和其它聚合材料。
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