公开(公告)号：US5876578A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-02

申请号：US889595

申请日：1997-07-08

申请人： Shiro Yamauchi ,  Tadao Minagawa ,  Satoshi Higashinakagawa ,  Hiroshi Maekawa ,  Mitsuhito Kamei ,  Chieko Nishida ,  Shigemitsu Okabe ,  Takahiro Ohno

发明人： Shiro Yamauchi ,  Tadao Minagawa ,  Satoshi Higashinakagawa ,  Hiroshi Maekawa ,  Mitsuhito Kamei ,  Chieko Nishida ,  Shigemitsu Okabe ,  Takahiro Ohno

IPC分类号： G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/416

CPC分类号： G01N27/4074

摘要： A gas sensor which can be used for measuring a low concentration repeatedly, which has a quick response and which can be used for a long time with high stability is provided. The gas sensor comprises a solid electrolyte, a detecting electrode provided in contact with one of the surfaces of the solid electrolyte and exposed to a gas to be detected, a counter electrode, provided in contact with the other surface of the solid electrolyte, and lead wires to place an electric voltage across both electrodes or to take out electric signals, wherein an inactive substance which is hard to form a reaction product with the gas to be detected is used as a material to constitute both electrodes.

摘要翻译： 提供可以重复地测量低浓度的气体传感器，其具有快速响应并且可以长时间使用，具有高稳定性。 气体传感器包括固体电解质，与固体电解质中的一个表面接触并暴露于待检测气体的检测电极，设置成与固体电解质的另一个表面接触的对电极和引线 电线在两电极上放置电压或取出电信号，其中使用难以与待检测气体形成反应产物的惰性物质用作构成两电极的材料。

公开(公告)号：US06768946B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-27

申请号：US10254474

申请日：2002-09-25

申请人： Shigemitsu Okabe ,  Tomomi Narita ,  Sakae Taniguchi

发明人： Shigemitsu Okabe ,  Tomomi Narita ,  Sakae Taniguchi

IPC分类号： G01W100

CPC分类号： G01W1/16

摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for locating the position of a lightning strike free of topography-dependent error by calculating a ground point having a difference in propagation distance at receiving stations (R1, R2 and R3) in at least three different locations. The difference in horizontal distance that would result in arrival time differences at the receiving stations is calculated using the horizontal coordinates of the respective stations. The ground point is taken as the tentative lightning strike position (X). The tentative lightning strike position is then corrected to a lightning strike position obtained by evaluating the arrival time difference in terms of the creepage distances (Ls) following depressions and elevations in the ground surface. The depressions and elevations in the ground surface are smoothed to a spatial wavelength that is comparable to the wavelength of the lightning electromagnetic waves.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于通过计算在至少三个不同位置处的接收站（R1，R2和R3）处的传播距离差异的接地点来定位没有地形相关误差的雷击位置的方法和装置。 使用各个站的水平坐标来计算在接收站处导致到达时间差的水平距离的差异。 将地面点作为暂定雷击位置（X）。 然后将暂时的雷击位置校正为雷击位置，该雷击位置通过评估地面上的凹陷和高度之后的爬电距离（Ls）的到达时间差来获得。 地面上的凹陷和高度被平滑到与雷电电磁波的波长相当的空间波长。