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    Ordered dither image rendering with non-linear luminance distribution palette
    1.
    发明授权
    Ordered dither image rendering with non-linear luminance distribution palette 失效
    有序的抖动图像渲染与非线性亮度分布调色板

    公开(公告)号：US5398120A

    公开(公告)日：1995-03-14

    申请号：US169576

    申请日：1993-12-16

    申请人： Steven J. Friedman ,  Karen A. Hargrove ,  Joseph M. Joy ,  Nathan P. Myhrvold ,  Sunita Shrivastava ,  Gideon A. Yuval

    发明人： Steven J. Friedman ,  Karen A. Hargrove ,  Joseph M. Joy ,  Nathan P. Myhrvold ,  Sunita Shrivastava ,  Gideon A. Yuval

    IPC分类号： G03F3/08 ,  H04N1/60 ,  H04N1/64

    CPC分类号： H04N1/644 ,  H04N1/6058

    摘要： A high color resolution image is accurately approximated with a low resolution image through ordered dithering to colors of a displayable color palette. The colors of the displayable color palette are located at points of a grid aligned with three orthogonal axes in a three dimensional color model, including a luminance axis between black and white. The grid points are defined by the intersections of three sets of parallel planes, each set being perpendicular to one of the three axes. The set of planes perpendicular to the luminance axis are spaced nonuniformly, preferably according to a cubic model. The ordered dithering maps the true color of a pixel in the image to the color in the displayable palette at one of eight adjacent grid points. When ordered dithering of a pixel's true color would map the true color to a grid point outside the color gamut, the pixel is instead mapped to the nearest color on the color gamut's border to the grid point.

    摘要翻译： 通过对可显示调色板的颜色的有序抖动，通过低分辨率图像来精确地近似高分辨率图像。 可显示调色板的颜色位于三维颜色模型中与三个正交轴对齐的网格点，包括黑色和白色之间的亮度轴。 网格点由三组平行平面的交点定义，每组平行平面垂直于三个轴之一。 垂直于亮度轴的平面组不均匀地间隔开，优选地根据立方体模型。 有序抖动将图像中的像素的真实颜色映射到可显示调色板中八个相邻网格点之一的颜色。 当对像素的真实色彩进行排序抖动时，将真实颜色映射到色域外的网格点，因此将像素映射到色域边界上最接近网格点的颜色。

    Luminance emphasized color image rendering
    2.
    发明授权
    Luminance emphasized color image rendering 失效
    亮度强调彩色图像渲染

    公开(公告)号：US5341464A

    公开(公告)日：1994-08-23

    申请号：US77852

    申请日：1993-06-16

    申请人： Steven J. Friedman ,  Karen A. Hargrove ,  Joseph M. Joy ,  Nathan P. Myhrvold ,  Sunita Shrivastava ,  Gideon A. Yuval

    发明人： Steven J. Friedman ,  Karen A. Hargrove ,  Joseph M. Joy ,  Nathan P. Myhrvold ,  Sunita Shrivastava ,  Gideon A. Yuval

    IPC分类号： G06T11/00 ,  G06F15/62

    CPC分类号： G06T11/001

    摘要： A high color resolution image is rendered using a palette having a lower color resolution. The color of each pixel in the image is mapped to the nearest of the palette colors located on or between levels of uniform luminance adjacent to the pixel color. The mapping of the pixel color is further constrained to exclude palette colors for which double the error to the pixel color is outside the color gamut. The mapping is performed efficiently by a look-up table, the size of which is reduced by first dithering the pixel color to a color in an intermediate palette and then indexing the table using the intermediate palette color to find the reduced palette color. The mapping can be performed in an error diffusion process in which the pixel's color is modified by error diffused from any previously rendered neighboring pixels, then mapped to a reduced palette color to render the pixel with the reduced palette color, and finally diffuse any error between the pixel's color and the reduced palette color to any not yet rendered pixels.

    摘要翻译： 使用具有较低颜色分辨率的调色板呈现高分辨率图像。 图像中的每个像素的颜色被映射到位于与像素颜色相邻的均匀亮度之间或之间的调色板颜色中最接近的颜色。 像素颜色的映射被进一步约束以排除调色板颜色，其中像素颜色的误差的两倍在色域之外。 通过查找表来有效地执行映射，通过首先将像素颜色抖动到中间调色板中的颜色，然后使用中间调色板来对表进行索引来减小其大小，以找到调色板颜色。 该映射可以在误差扩散过程中进行，其中通过从先前渲染的相邻像素扩散的误差来修改像素的颜色，然后映射到减少的调色板颜色，以使得具有减小的调色板颜色的像素，并且最终扩散 像素的颜色和减少的调色板颜色到任何尚未渲染的像素。

    Luminance sensitive palette
    3.
    发明授权
    Luminance sensitive palette 失效
    亮度敏感调色板

    公开(公告)号：US06532020B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-03-11

    申请号：US08667291

    申请日：1996-06-19

    申请人： Steven J. Friedman ,  Gillian Furse ,  Karen A. Hargrove ,  Joseph M. Joy ,  Nathan P. Myhrvold ,  Sunita Shrivastava ,  Gideon A. Yuval

    发明人： Steven J. Friedman ,  Gillian Furse ,  Karen A. Hargrove ,  Joseph M. Joy ,  Nathan P. Myhrvold ,  Sunita Shrivastava ,  Gideon A. Yuval

    IPC分类号： G06T1100

    CPC分类号： G06T11/001

    摘要： A custom palette comprises colors on a plurality of luminance levels consisting of colors of uniform luminance. The spacing in luminance between levels varies in relation to the luminance, the spacing between levels being closer at low luminance and increasing at greater luminance. The palette preferably includes a gray color from each luminance level, highly saturated colors at the vertices of every alternate level, and a selection of lower saturation colors encircling the gray color on each level. The selection of lower saturation colors preferably includes a higher concentration of flesh and sky colors.

    摘要翻译： 自定义调色板包括由均匀亮度的颜色组成的多个亮度级的颜色。 亮度之间的亮度间隔相对于亮度而变化，在低亮度下电平之间的间隔更接近并以更高亮度增加。 调色板优选地包括来自每个亮度级的灰色，每个交替水平的顶点处的高度饱和的颜色，以及在每个级别上包围灰色的较低饱和度颜色的选择。 较低饱和度颜色的选择优选地包括更高浓度的肉和天空颜色。

    System and method for encoding facsimile data
    6.
    发明授权
    System and method for encoding facsimile data 失效
    用于编码传真数据的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US5414526A

    公开(公告)日：1995-05-09

    申请号：US140761

    申请日：1993-10-21

    申请人： Steven J. Friedman

    发明人： Steven J. Friedman

    IPC分类号： H04N1/41 ,  G06T9/00 ,  H03M7/30 ,  H04N1/417 ,  H04N1/415

    CPC分类号： H04N1/4175

    摘要： A system and method for facsimile data encoding uses vectors indicating the locations of changing elements along a horizontal scan line. The change vectors are stored in a vector table. The system may use a reference vector table and a coding vector table if CCITT recommendation T.6 two dimensional encoding is used. The system encodes horizontal scan lines using the vectors to determine the location of the changing elements. The value of the reference changing element is easily determined using the vector tables. The system determines the locations of all changing elements on a horizontal scan line before performing any encoding of that particular scan line thus simplifying the encoding process. The system can receive and decode facsimile data to generate change vectors. The change vectors provide a simple mechanism for regenerating the raw data. The change vectors are used to encode raw data into any standard facsimile encoding format, to decode facsimile data, and to interconvert from one encoding format to another without having to convert the encoded data back to raw data.

    摘要翻译： 用于传真数据编码的系统和方法使用指示沿着水平扫描线的变化元素的位置的向量。 变化矢量存储在矢量表中。 如果使用CCITT推荐T.6二维编码，则系统可以使用参考向量表和编码矢量表。 系统使用向量对水平扫描线进行编码，以确定变化元素的位置。 使用向量表容易地确定参考变化元素的值。 在执行特定扫描线的任何编码之前，系统确定水平扫描线上的所有变化元素的位置，从而简化了编码过程。 该系统可以接收和解码传真数据以产生变化矢量。 更改向量提供了一种简单的机制来重新生成原始数据。 改变向量用于将原始数据编码成任何标准传真编码格式，以解码传真数据，并将一种编码格式互相转换到另一种编码格式，而无需将编码数据转换回原始数据。