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公开(公告)号：US5313204A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-17
申请号：US871083
申请日：1992-04-20
CPC分类号： G06T9/004 , H03M7/4006 , H04N1/417
摘要： Encoding and decoding devices which are capable of increasing the encoding and decoding speed. In arithmetic encoding, there is a possibility of encoding with high efficiency which is very close to the entropy of the information source, but the encoding and decoding time is generally longer than that in another encoding systems such as an MMR encoding system. For example, in a standard facsimile equipment, about 1.3 sec is required for encoding the picture information in an A4-size copy. In prediction encoding, a memory for storing the past reference symbols and the predicted values therefor is necessary for prediction. Since the memory capacity is generally large, a large-capacity RAM is used. The encoding time is therefore greatly dependent on the access speed of the RAM. In the present invention, a high-speed register for storing the predicted value for a special symbol pattern is provided separately from the RAM so that the predicted value of the special symbol pattern is read from this register, thereby enabling high-speed encoding.
摘要翻译： 能够增加编码和解码速度的编码和解码装置。 在算术编码中，存在与信息源的熵非常接近的高效率的编码的可能性，但是编码和解码时间通常比在诸如MMR编码系统的另一编码系统中更长。 例如，在标准传真设备中，需要大约1.3秒来对A4尺寸的副本中的图像信息进行编码。 在预测编码中，用于存储过去的参考符号的存储器及其预测值对于预测是必要的。 由于存储容量通常较大，所以使用大容量RAM。 因此，编码时间很大程度上取决于RAM的访问速度。 在本发明中，与RAM分开提供用于存储专用符号图案的预测值的高速寄存器，从而从该寄存器读取特殊符号图案的预测值，从而实现高速编码。
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公开(公告)号：US4213154A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-15
申请号：US930505
申请日：1978-08-03
申请人： Fumitaka Ono , Takayoshi Semasa , Yutaka Ueno , Syuzi Iwata , Ryoichi Ohnishi
发明人： Fumitaka Ono , Takayoshi Semasa , Yutaka Ueno , Syuzi Iwata , Ryoichi Ohnishi
CPC分类号： H04N1/417
摘要： Binary signals from picture elements arranged in rows and columns of the subject copy are successively applied to a group of shift registers and suitably time-delayed under the control of clock pulses so that the signals from reference picture elements for each object picture element simultaneously enter two logic circuits provided for a high and low scanning resolution. The logic circuits calculate predicted values for each object element following respective prediction functions. That circuit for the scanning resolution used delivers the predicted value to an exclusive OR gate also supplied with the actual signal from the same object element. Each time the gate determines a discord with the prediction, a coder delivers coded serial signals having predetermined variable lengths dependent upon the number of pulses counted up to that time by the coder. Also by referring to a picture element or elements farther distant from the object element, generized prediction functions are disclosed.
摘要翻译： 来自被摄体拷贝的列和列的图像元素的二进制信号在时钟脉冲的控制下被连续地应用于一组移位寄存器并适当时间延迟，使得来自每个对象象素的参考图像元素的信号同时进入两个 提供高和低扫描分辨率的逻辑电路。 逻辑电路根据各个预测函数计算每个对象元素的预测值。 用于所用扫描分辨率的电路将预测值传送到也提供有来自同一对象元件的实际信号的异或门。 每当门确定与预测的不一致时，编码器根据由编码器直到该时间计数的脉冲数量递送具有预定可变长度的编码串行信号。 另外，通过参照远离对象元素的像素或元素，公开了预测函数。
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公开(公告)号：US4996602A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-26
申请号：US355345
申请日：1989-05-23
申请人： Fumitaka Ono , Takayoshi Semasa
发明人： Fumitaka Ono , Takayoshi Semasa
CPC分类号： H04N1/40062
摘要： An input gray-scale image is converted to a bilevel output signal by an image-processing apparatus with two binarizing circuits: one employing a uniform threshold and the other a dither matrix. The outputs of these circuits are selected for each pixel by deciding whether the pixel is a bilevel pixel or a gray-scale pixel. The decision is based on the maximum and minimum gray levels in a block of pixels centered on the pixel in question. Images having both bilevel and gray-scale parts can thus be binarized with clean reproduction of black-white edges.
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公开(公告)号：US4191974A
公开(公告)日：1980-03-04
申请号：US875909
申请日：1978-02-07
申请人： Fumitaka Ono , Takayoshi Semasa , Yutaka Ueno , Shuzi Iwata
发明人： Fumitaka Ono , Takayoshi Semasa , Yutaka Ueno , Shuzi Iwata
摘要： Binary 0's and 1's from picture elements in each line are counted with respect to each mode determined by adjacent picture elements to form symbol patterns determined by both the counts and the information content of a memory. Each pattern is encoded into a code word to be transmitted having a bit number determined by the arrangement of binary symbols included in it. Also the code words can be transmitted on the basis of address numbers of picture elements, starting with the output from a coder associated with a mode having the two-valued signal with the least address number.
摘要翻译： 对于由相邻图像元素确定的每个模式，对每行中的图像元素的二进制0和1进行计数，以形成由存储器的计数和信息内容确定的符号模式。 每个图案被编码成要被发送的码字，其具有由其中包括的二进制符号的排列确定的比特数。 此外，可以基于图像元素的地址号发送码字，从与具有最小地址号的二值信号的模式相关联的编码器的输出开始。
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公开(公告)号：US06351569B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-26
申请号：US09155166
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： Tomohiro Kimura , Masayuki Yoshida , Fumitaka Ono
发明人： Tomohiro Kimura , Masayuki Yoshida , Fumitaka Ono
IPC分类号： G06K936
CPC分类号： G06T9/004
摘要： A prediction value is previously set in an MPS table corresponding to a state number, a state number for an encoding pixel is obtained from a STATE table, the prediction value is determined based on the MPS table using the state number, a pixel-to-symbol converter compares the prediction value and the encoding pixel to obtain a symbol, and an arithmetic encoder obtains an LPS interval from an LSZ table using the state number for the encoding pixel, and the arithmetic encoder implements encoding based on the symbol and the LPS interval.
摘要翻译： 先前在与状态号对应的MPS表中设置预测值，从STATE表获得编码像素的状态号，根据使用状态号的MPS表确定预测值， 符号转换器比较预测值和编码像素以获得符号，并且算术编码器使用编码像素的状态号从LSZ表获得LPS间隔，并且算术编码器基于符号和LPS间隔来实现编码 。
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公开(公告)号：US5404140A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US180644
申请日：1994-01-13
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006
摘要： A coding system comprises the comparing circuit which compares a magnitude of the range on the number line which is allocated to the most probability symbol with a magnitude of the fixed range on the number line which is allocated to the Less Probability Symbol. If the range allocated to the MPS is smaller than that to the LPS, and when the symbol is the MPS, the range allocated to the LPS is generated. If the range allocated to the MPS is smaller than that to the LPS, and when the symbol is the LPS, the range allocated to the MPS is generated. By the system, a coding efficiency is improved especially when a probability of occurrence of LPS (Less Probability Symbol) is approximate to 1/2.
摘要翻译： 编码系统包括比较电路，其将分配给最大概率符号的号线上的范围的大小与分配给较小概率符号的号线上的固定范围的大小进行比较。 如果分配给MPS的范围小于LPS的范围，并且当符号是MPS时，则生成分配给LPS的范围。 如果分配给MPS的范围小于LPS的范围，并且当符号是LPS时，生成分配给MPS的范围。 通过该系统，当LPS的发生概率（Less概率符号）近似为1/2时，编码效率得到改善。
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公开(公告)号：US06411231B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US09275006
申请日：1999-03-24
申请人： Taichi Yanagiya , Tomohiro Kimura , Ikuro Ueno , Masayuki Yoshida , Fumitaka Ono
发明人： Taichi Yanagiya , Tomohiro Kimura , Ikuro Ueno , Masayuki Yoshida , Fumitaka Ono
IPC分类号： H03M700
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006
摘要： In an adaptive probability estimation method, an index referring to coding parameters is determined according to occurrence probabilities of symbols from estimated occurrence counts of symbols, thresholds for probability values that determine the probability intervals corresponding to the indexes are set to values that are examined with small operational load, and an index referring to the corresponding occurrence probability is selected without division, using the probability intervals determined by the thresholds for probability values.
摘要翻译： 在自适应概率估计方法中，根据来自估计的符号发生次数的符号的出现概率来确定参照编码参数的索引，确定与索引对应的概率间隔的概率值的阈值被设置为小的检查值 使用由概率值的阈值确定的概率间隔来选择参考相应出现概率的索引而不分割。
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公开(公告)号：US5991449A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-23
申请号：US680053
申请日：1996-07-15
申请人： Tomohiro Kimura , Ikuro Ueno , Taichi Yanagiya , Masayuki Yoshida , Fumitaka Ono , Naoto Tanabe
发明人： Tomohiro Kimura , Ikuro Ueno , Taichi Yanagiya , Masayuki Yoshida , Fumitaka Ono , Naoto Tanabe
IPC分类号： H04N19/102 , G06T9/00 , H03M7/36 , H04N1/41 , H04N19/103 , H04N19/134 , H04N19/136 , H04N19/137 , H04N19/182 , H04N19/189 , H04N19/192 , H04N19/196 , H04N19/423 , H04N19/426 , H04N19/50 , H04N19/85 , H04N19/91 , G06K9/36
CPC分类号： H04N19/593
摘要： An image memory outputs a target encoding pixel and a plurality of reference pixels in the vicinity thereof. A boundary mode determining unit determines a maximum value and a minimum value of the reference pixels, determines an average value of the maximum value and the minimum value, compares the respective reference pixel values with the average value, detects a boundary in the target encoding pixel and the reference pixels based on comparison results, and detects a pixel distribution state of the reference pixels based on the detected boundary. An adaptive predictor calculates a prediction value by performing a calculation based on a function corresponding to the pixel distribution state and the reference pixels. A prediction difference calculating unit determines a difference value between the prediction value and a value of the target encoding pixel. A prediction coincidence determining unit compares the prediction value and the target encoding pixel value, and outputs a comparison result as a binary signal. A context generator generates a context based on the pixel distribution state and the difference value of the prediction difference calculating unit. An arithmetic encoder encodes the binary signal based on the context thus generated.
摘要翻译： 图像存储器输出其附近的目标编码像素和多个参考像素。 边界模式确定单元确定参考像素的最大值和最小值，确定最大值和最小值的平均值，将各个参考像素值与平均值进行比较，检测目标编码像素中的边界 和基于比较结果的参考像素，并且基于检测到的边界来检测参考像素的像素分布状态。 自适应预测器通过基于与像素分布状态和参考像素对应的功能进行计算来计算预测值。 预测差分计算单元确定预测值和目标编码像素的值之间的差值。 预测符号确定单元将预测值和目标编码像素值进行比较，并输出比较结果作为二进制信号。 上下文生成器基于像素分布状态和预测差分计算单元的差值来生成上下文。 算术编码器根据这样生成的上下文对二进制信号进行编码。
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公开(公告)号：USRE35781E
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US553235
申请日：1995-11-07
CPC分类号： H04N1/417 , H03M7/4006
摘要： A coding method of a binary Markov information source comprises the steps of providing a range on a number line from 0 to 1 which corresponds to an output symbol sequence from the information source, and performing data compression by binary expressing the position information on the number line corresponding to the output symbol sequence. The present method further includes the steps of providing a normalization number line to keep a desired calculation accuracy by expanding a range of the number line which includes a mapping range, by means of a multiple of a power of 2, when the mapping range becomes below 0.5 of the range of the number line; allocating a predetermined mapping range on the normalization number line for less probable symbols LPS proportional to its normal occurrence probability; allocating the remaining mapping range on the normalization number line for more probable symbols MPS; and reassigning the predetermined mapping range to the remaining mapping range the half of a portion where the allocated remaining range is less than 0.5, when the allocated remaining range becomes below 0.5.
摘要翻译： 二进制马尔科夫信息源的编码方法包括以下步骤：在从数字行0到1之间提供一个对应于来自信息源的输出符号序列的范围，以及通过二进制数据压缩来表示数字行上的位置信息 对应于输出符号序列。 本方法还包括以下步骤：提供归一化数字行以通过在映射范围变得低于2的情况下通过2的幂的倍数扩展包括映射范围的数字行的范围来保持期望的计算精度 数字线范围的0.5; 在归一化数行上分配与其正常发生概率成比例的较小可能符号LPS的预定映射范围; 在归一化数字行上分配剩余的映射范围以获得更可能的符号MPS; 并且当所分配的剩余范围变得低于0.5时，将预定映射范围重新分配给剩余映射范围，其中所分配的剩余范围小于0.5的部分的一半。
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公开(公告)号：US5311177A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-10
申请号：US901762
申请日：1992-06-19
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006 , G06F17/18
摘要： Although data is transmitted with efficiency by an arithmetic encoding system, the number of carry control signals increases in proportion to the number of consecutive bits "1" s or bytes X`FF` s in a conventional system. In the present invention, an arithmetic encoder 302 `detects the possibility of a carry generated during arithmetic coding operation being propagated beyond at least a predetermined number of consecutive bytes X`FF` s in a supplied arithmetic code 315. When the propagation of the carry is impossible, a carry control signal is inserted into the first 2 bits of the byte other than X`FF` which occurs immediately after the consecutive bytes X`FF` s so as to transmit the presence or absence of a carry. An arithmetic decoder 303 detects the continuation of at least a predetermined number of bytes X`FF` s in the arithmetic code 315, and arithmetically decodes an output value YN316 on the basis of the predicted value MPS317 of the occurrence probability of the output value YN316 to be encoded and the region width Qe of the complementary predicted value LPS. Since the number of total bits of the inserted carry control signals is reduced by this "one-time 2-bits insertion system", the total number of transmitted code bits is also reduced.
摘要翻译： 虽然通过算术编码系统有效地发送数据，但是进位控制信号的数量与常规系统中的连续比特数“1”或字节X'FF的比例增加。 在本发明中，算术编码器302'检测在所提供的算术代码315中，算术编码操作中产生的进位在至少预定数量的连续字节X'FF之后传播的可能性。当进位传播 不可能，在紧邻连续字节X'FF之后发生的X'FF'以外的字节的前2位插入进位控制信号，以发送进位的存在或不存在。 算术解码器303检测算术码315中至少预定数量的字节X'FF'的继续，并且基于输出值YN316的发生概率的预测值MPS317对输出值YN316进行算术解码 并且互补预测值LPS的区域宽度Qe。 由于通过“一次2位插入系统”减少了插入的进位控制信号的总比特数，所以发送码位的总数也减少了。
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