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公开(公告)号：US20090266765A1
公开(公告)日：2009-10-29
申请号：US12195995
申请日：2008-08-21
IPC分类号： C02F1/42
CPC分类号： C09K8/80 , B82Y30/00 , C02F1/001 , C02F2305/08 , C09K8/665 , C09K8/70 , C09K8/805 , C09K2208/10
摘要： Nanoparticle-treated particle packs, such as sand beds, may effectively filter and purify liquids such as waste water. Proppant beds treated with nanoparticles may fixate or reduce fines migration therethrough. When tiny contaminant particles or fines in these fluids flow through the nanoparticle-treated bed or pack, the nanoparticles will capture and hold the tiny contaminant or fines particles within the pack due to the nanoparticles' surface forces, including, but not necessarily limited to van der Waals and electrostatic forces. Nanoparticle-treated beds or packs may be recharged by contacting the bed with an inorganic acid (but not hydrofluoric acid) or an organic acid, and optionally followed by subsequent treatment with hydrofluoric acid. This treating substantially removes the nanoparticles and the fine particulates that have been removed from a fluid (e.g. wastewater being treated, produced fluids in a formation, etc.). The particle pack may then be re-treated or recharged with nanoparticles.
摘要翻译： 纳米颗粒处理的颗粒包装，例如砂床，可以有效地过滤和净化诸如废水的液体。 用纳米颗粒处理的支撑剂床可以固定或减少通过其中的细粒迁移。 当这些流体中的微小污染物颗粒或细粒流过纳米颗粒处理的床或包装时，由于纳米颗粒的表面力，纳米颗粒将捕获并保持包装内的微小污染物或细粒颗粒，包括但不限于范围 德华力和静电力。 纳米颗粒处理的床或包装可以通过使床与无机酸（但不是氢氟酸）或有机酸接触，然后任选地随后用氢氟酸处理来进行再充电。 该处理基本上除去了已经从流体中除去的纳米颗粒和细颗粒（例如待处理的废水，地层中产生的流体等）。 然后可以使用纳米颗粒重新处理或补充粒子包装。
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公开(公告)号：US20090065209A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-12
申请号：US12180111
申请日：2008-07-25
IPC分类号： E21B33/13
CPC分类号： C09K8/68 , C09K2208/10 , C09K2208/30
摘要： An aqueous, viscoelastic fluid gelled with a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) is stabilized and improved with an effective amount of an alkaline earth metal oxide alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides, post-transition metal oxides, and post-transition metal hydroxides. These fluids are more stable and have a reduced or no tendency to precipitate, particularly at elevated temperatures, and may also help control fluid loss. When the particle size of the magnesium oxide or other particulate agent is a nanometer scale, for instance having a mean particle size of 100 nm or less, that scale may provide unique particle charges that use chemisorption, “crosslinking” and/or other chemistries to associate and stabilize the VES fluids, and also help trap or fixate formation fines when deposited into a proppant pack in a fracture.
摘要翻译： 用粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）凝胶化的水性粘弹性流体通过有效量的碱土金属氧化物碱土金属氢氧化物，碱金属氧化物，碱金属氢氧化物过渡金属氧化物，过渡金属氢氧化物，转变后稳定和改善 金属氧化物和过渡后金属氢氧化物。 这些流体更稳定并且具有降低或不降低沉淀的倾向，特别是在升高的温度下，也可以帮助控制流体损失。 当氧化镁或其它颗粒剂的粒度为纳米级，例如具有100nm或更小的平均粒度时，该刻度可以提供使用化学吸附，“交联”和/或其它化学成分的独特的颗粒电荷 缔合和稳定VES流体，并且还有助于在沉积到裂缝中的支撑剂包中时捕获或固定成矿细粒。
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3.发明授权Methods of using viscoelastic surfactant gelled fluids to pre-saturate underground formations 失效使用粘弹性表面活性剂凝胶液预先使地下地层饱和的方法公开(公告)号：US08056630B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-15
申请号：US12435908
申请日：2009-05-05
CPC分类号： C09K8/602 , C09K8/506 , C09K8/68 , C09K2208/10 , C09K2208/26 , C09K2208/30
摘要： Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based fluid systems are effective to pre-saturate high permeability subterranean formations prior to a treatment operation that would undesirably suffer from high fluid leakoff. The fluid systems may include brine, a viscosity enhancer, as well as the VES, and a high temperature stabilizer. The stabilizer may be an alkaline earth metal oxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, Al2O3, and mixtures thereof. The viscosity enhancer may include pyroelectric particles, piezoelectric particles, and mixtures thereof. The fluid system is easy to pump into the formation, and after initial pumping, the fluid system will soak into and occupy or “pre-saturate” the pores of the formation prior to pumping of a second treating fluid for fracturing, gravel packing, frac-packing, and the like. The methods are practiced in the absence of acids typically used in acidizing operations, such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
摘要翻译： 基于粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）的流体系统有效地在处理操作之前预先饱和高渗透性地下地层，这将不利地遭受高流体泄漏。 流体系统可以包括盐水，粘度增强剂，以及VES和高温稳定剂。 稳定剂可以是碱土金属氧化物，碱土金属氢氧化物，碱金属氧化物，碱金属氢氧化物，Al 2 O 3及其混合物。 粘度增强剂可以包括热电颗粒，压电颗粒及其混合物。 流体系统易于泵送到地层中，并且在初始泵送之后，在泵送第二处理流体用于压裂，砾石填充，压裂之前，流体系统将浸入并占据或“预饱和”地层的孔隙 包装等。 该方法是在酸性操作中通常使用的酸不存在的情况下进行的，例如盐酸和氢氟酸。
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公开(公告)号：US07703531B2
公开(公告)日：2010-04-27
申请号：US12180111
申请日：2008-07-25
IPC分类号： E21B43/267
CPC分类号： C09K8/68 , C09K2208/10 , C09K2208/30
摘要： An aqueous, viscoelastic fluid gelled with a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) is stabilized with an effective amount of an alkaline earth metal oxide alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides, post-transition metal oxides, and post-transition metal hydroxides. These fluids are more stable and have a reduced or no tendency to precipitate, particularly at elevated temperatures, and may also help control fluid loss. When the particle size of the magnesium oxide or other particulate agent is a nanometer scale, for instance having a mean particle size of 100 nm or less, that scale may provide particle charges that use chemisorption, “crosslinking” and/or other chemistries to associate and stabilize the VES fluids, and also help trap or fixate formation fines when deposited into a proppant pack in a fracture.
摘要翻译： 用粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）凝胶化的水性粘弹性流体用有效量的碱土金属氧化物碱土金属氢氧化物，碱金属氧化物，碱金属氢氧化物过渡金属氧化物，过渡金属氢氧化物，过渡金属氧化物 ，和过渡后金属氢氧化物。 这些流体更稳定并且具有降低或不降低沉淀的倾向，特别是在升高的温度下，也可以帮助控制流体损失。 当氧化镁或其它颗粒剂的粒径为纳米级，例如具有100nm或更小的平均粒度时，该刻度可以提供使用化学吸附，“交联”和/或其它化学物质结合的粒子电荷 并稳定VES流体，并且还有助于在沉积到裂缝中的支撑剂包中时捕获或固定成矿细粒。
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公开(公告)号：US08105492B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-31
申请号：US12195995
申请日：2008-08-21
IPC分类号： B01D24/46
CPC分类号： C09K8/80 , B82Y30/00 , C02F1/001 , C02F2305/08 , C09K8/665 , C09K8/70 , C09K8/805 , C09K2208/10
摘要： Nanoparticle-treated particle packs, such as sand beds, may effectively filter and purify liquids such as waste water. Proppant beds treated with nanoparticles may fixate or reduce fines migration therethrough. When tiny contaminant particles or fines in these fluids flow through the nanoparticle-treated bed or pack, the nanoparticles will capture and hold the tiny contaminant or fines particles within the pack due to the nanoparticles' surface forces, including, but not necessarily limited to van der Waals and electrostatic forces. Nanoparticle-treated beds or packs may be recharged by contacting the bed with an inorganic acid (but not hydrofluoric acid) or an organic acid, and optionally followed by subsequent treatment with hydrofluoric acid. This treating substantially removes the nanoparticles and the fine particulates that have been removed from a fluid (e.g. wastewater being treated, produced fluids in a formation, etc.). The particle pack may then be re-treated or recharged with nanoparticles.
摘要翻译： 纳米颗粒处理的颗粒包装，例如砂床，可以有效地过滤和净化诸如废水的液体。 用纳米颗粒处理的支撑剂床可以固定或减少通过其中的细粒迁移。 当这些流体中的微小污染物颗粒或细粒流过纳米颗粒处理的床或包装时，由于纳米颗粒的表面力，纳米颗粒将捕获并保持包装内的微小污染物或细粒颗粒，包括但不限于范围 德华力和静电力。 纳米颗粒处理的床或包装可以通过使床与无机酸（但不是氢氟酸）或有机酸接触，然后任选地随后用氢氟酸处理来进行再充电。 该处理基本上除去了已经从流体中除去的纳米颗粒和细颗粒（例如待处理的废水，地层中产生的流体等）。 然后可以使用纳米颗粒重新处理或补充粒子包装。
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公开(公告)号：US20100263866A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-21
申请号：US12766364
申请日：2010-04-23
IPC分类号： E21B43/22
CPC分类号： C09K8/506 , C09K8/575 , C09K8/665 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/70 , C09K2208/10 , C09K2208/30
摘要： An aqueous, viscoelastic fluid gelled with a viscosifier, e.g. a viscoelastic surfactant, is stabilized and improved with an effective amount of a particulate additive such as alkaline earth metal oxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides, post-transition metal oxides, and post-transition metal hydroxides. These fluids are more stable and have a reduced or no tendency to precipitate, particularly at elevated temperatures, and may also help control fluid loss. These particulate additives have unique particle charges that use chemisorption, “crosslinking” and/or other chemistries to associate and stabilize the VES fluids, and also help trap or fixate formation fines when placed in a gravel pack or a proppant pack in a fracture. Some of these effects may be more pronounced the smaller the size of the particulate additive.
摘要翻译： 用增粘剂凝胶化的水性粘弹性流体，例如粘合剂。 粘弹性表面活性剂用有效量的微粒添加剂如碱土金属氧化物，碱土金属氢氧化物，过渡金属氧化物，过渡金属氢氧化物，后过渡金属氧化物和过渡金属氢氧化物稳定和改善。 这些流体更稳定并且具有降低或不降低沉淀的倾向，特别是在升高的温度下，也可以帮助控制流体损失。 这些颗粒添加剂具有独特的颗粒电荷，其使用化学吸附，“交联”和/或其他化学物质来缔合和稳定VES流体，并且还可以在放置在裂缝中的砾石包装或支撑剂包中时有助于捕获或固定成形细粒。 这些效应中的一些可能更明显，颗粒添加剂的尺寸越小。
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公开(公告)号：US08196659B2
公开(公告)日：2012-06-12
申请号：US12766364
申请日：2010-04-23
IPC分类号： E21B43/04 , E21B43/267
CPC分类号： C09K8/506 , C09K8/575 , C09K8/665 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/70 , C09K2208/10 , C09K2208/30
摘要： An aqueous, viscoelastic fluid gelled with a viscosifier, e.g. a viscoelastic surfactant, is stabilized and improved with an effective amount of a particulate additive such as alkaline earth metal oxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides, post-transition metal oxides, and post-transition metal hydroxides. These fluids are more stable and have a reduced or no tendency to precipitate, particularly at elevated temperatures, and may also help control fluid loss. These particulate additives have unique particle charges that use chemisorption, “crosslinking” and/or other chemistries to associate and stabilize the VES fluids, and also help trap or fixate formation fines when placed in a gravel pack or a proppant pack in a fracture. Some of these effects may be more pronounced the smaller the size of the particulate additive.
摘要翻译： 用增粘剂凝胶化的水性粘弹性流体，例如粘合剂。 粘弹性表面活性剂用有效量的微粒添加剂如碱土金属氧化物，碱土金属氢氧化物，过渡金属氧化物，过渡金属氢氧化物，后过渡金属氧化物和过渡金属氢氧化物稳定和改善。 这些流体更稳定并且具有降低或不降低沉淀的倾向，特别是在升高的温度下，也可以帮助控制流体损失。 这些颗粒添加剂具有独特的颗粒电荷，其使用化学吸附，“交联”和/或其他化学物质来缔合和稳定VES流体，并且还可以在放置在裂缝中的砾石包装或支撑剂包中时有助于捕获或固定成形细粉。 这些效应中的一些可能更明显，颗粒添加剂的尺寸越小。
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8.发明申请METHODS OF USING VISCOELEASTIC SURFACTANT GELLED FLUIDS TO PRE-SATURATE UNDERGROUND FORMATIONS 失效使用粘弹性表面活性剂凝胶的流体预处理地下模型的方法公开(公告)号：US20090272534A1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-05
申请号：US12435908
申请日：2009-05-05
CPC分类号： C09K8/602 , C09K8/506 , C09K8/68 , C09K2208/10 , C09K2208/26 , C09K2208/30
摘要： Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based fluid systems are effective to pre-saturate high permeability subterranean formations prior to a treatment operation that would undesirably suffer from high fluid leakoff. The fluid systems may include brine, a viscosity enhancer, as well as the VES, and a high temperature stabilizer. The stabilizer may be an alkaline earth metal oxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, Al2O3, and mixtures thereof. The viscosity enhancer may include pyroelectric particles, piezoelectric particles, and mixtures thereof. The fluid system is easy to pump into the formation, and after initial pumping, the fluid system will soak into and occupy or “pre-saturate” the pores of the formation prior to pumping of a second treating fluid for fracturing, gravel packing, frac-packing, and the like. The methods are practiced in the absence of acids typically used in acidizing operations, such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
摘要翻译： 基于粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）的流体系统有效地在处理操作之前预先饱和高渗透性地下地层，这将不利地遭受高流体泄漏。 流体系统可以包括盐水，粘度增强剂，以及VES和高温稳定剂。 稳定剂可以是碱土金属氧化物，碱土金属氢氧化物，碱金属氧化物，碱金属氢氧化物，Al 2 O 3及其混合物。 粘度增强剂可以包括热电颗粒，压电颗粒及其混合物。 流体系统易于泵送到地层中，并且在初始泵送之后，在泵送第二处理流体用于压裂，砾石填充，压裂之前，流体系统将浸入并占据或“预饱和”地层的孔隙 包装等。 该方法是在酸性操作中通常使用的酸不存在的情况下进行的，例如盐酸和氢氟酸。
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9.发明授权System stabilizers and performance enhancers for aqueous fluids gelled with viscoelastic surfactants 失效用粘弹性表面活性剂凝胶化的含水液体的系统稳定剂和性能增强剂公开(公告)号：US07343972B2
公开(公告)日：2008-03-18
申请号：US11125465
申请日：2005-05-10
申请人： John Robert Willingham , Allen D. Gabrysch , Patrick A. Kelly , James B. Crews , James H. Treadway
发明人： John Robert Willingham , Allen D. Gabrysch , Patrick A. Kelly , James B. Crews , James H. Treadway
CPC分类号： C09K8/602 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/74 , C09K2208/30
摘要： An aqueous, viscoelastic fluid gelled with a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) is stabilized and improved with an effective amount of an alkali earth metal oxide and/or alkali earth metal hydroxide. These fluids are more stable and have reduced or no tendency to precipitate, particularly at elevated temperatures. The additives may also increase viscosity to the point where less VES is required to maintain a given viscosity. These stabilized, enhanced, aqueous viscoelastic fluids may be used as treatment fluids for subterranean hydrocarbon formations, such as in hydraulic fracturing.
摘要翻译： 用粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）凝胶化的水性粘弹性体，用有效量的碱土金属氧化物和/或碱土金属氢氧化物稳定化和改善。 这些流体更稳定并且具有减少或没有沉淀的倾向，特别是在升高的温度下。 添加剂还可以将粘度增加到维持给定粘度所需的较少VES的程度。 这些稳定的，增强的水性粘弹性流体可以用作地下烃地层的处理流体，例如在水力压裂中。
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