Abstract:
Apparatus and a method for achieving bumpless transfer between the manual and automatic modes in either single or multiple loop process control systems. The last stage of the process controller is an integrator which generates the final control element position signal in both the manual and automatic modes. Proportional, first derivative or second derivative actions applied to the measured variable and/or the set point in the first stage of the controller become integral, proportional and derivative actions, respectively, after passing through the integrator. Since the integrator remains in the output circuit and is under control continuously in both modes, bumpless transfer between the manual and automatic modes is achieved without the necessity of matching signals. When two controllers are used in cascade, the speed signal generated by the first stage of the inner loop controller is applied to the integrator stage of the outer loop controller so that it tracks the measured variable of the inner loop while the inner loop is in the manual mode. Only integral action is applied to the set point inputs of the controllers so that the rate of change of the set point signal is not critical.
Abstract:
BOTH LOW AND HIGH CARBON ARE PRODUCED IN A BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE CONTROLLED BY A SYSTEM WHICH EMPLOYS A DIRECT SAMPLER OPERATED AT AN ADEQUATELY EARLY PREDETERMINED TIME DURING THE OXYGEN BLOW. ENDPOINT CARBON LEVEL IS CONTROLLED AS A RESULT OF CALCULATIONS MADE FROM THE SAMPLE CARBON LEVEL AND WASTE GAS MEASUREMENTS OF POST SAMPLE TIME CARBON REMOVAL. THE CARBON CONTROL IS MADE COMPATIBLE WITH OTHER ENDPOINT CONTROLS.
Abstract:
Described is a system for controlling the amount of coating per unit of area applied to a continuous web which passes through a dip tank and thence through squeeze rolls and one or more drying chambers. The system also incorporates means for controlling tension in a dried web, which tension is a function of the amount of coating applied per unit of area. The foregoing is accomplished by controlling the amount of concentrated coating solution fed to a blending tank, which supplies the dip tank, as a function of web speed; by controlling the pressure exerted on the web by the squeeze rolls as a function of the liquid level in the blending tank to which excess solution from the squeeze rolls and dewatering pads is fed; and by controlling the amount of solvent for the concentrated coating solution fed to the blending tank as a function of the tension in the dried web. The invention additionally includes means for directly monitoring the density of the coating solution in the blending tank and for adjusting that density should it depart from a predetermined set value.