公开(公告)号：US3629553A

公开(公告)日：1971-12-21

申请号：US3629553D

申请日：1969-01-10

Applicant: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP

Inventor： FEY MAURICE G ,  WOLF CHARLES B ,  AZINGER FREDERICK A JR ,  KEMENY GEORGE A

IPC: H05B7/18 ,  H05H1/48 ,  H05H1/50

CPC classification number: H05B7/185 ,  H05H1/48 ,  H05H1/50

Abstract: A process for heating gas or fluid which comprises passing the gas or fluid through a gap between electrodes having an arc therebetween at a very high velocity while a system voltage is continuously maintained sufficient to cause breakdown at the gap. The high-velocity gas elongates the arc until the arc voltage required for electrical conduction exceeds the breakdown voltage of the gap whereupon sparkover occurs in the gap, the arc being thereafter elongated again by the gas passing through the gap until the voltage required to sustain arcing exceeds the breakdown voltage of the gap, the cycle of gap breakdown and elongation being repeated over and over again. The greatly extended arc provides for more efficient heating of the gas, better mixing and a more uniform temperature to which the gas is heated.

公开(公告)号：US3480717A

公开(公告)日：1969-11-25

申请号：US3480717D

申请日：1968-03-25

Applicant: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP

Inventor： WOLF CHARLES B ,  KEMENY GEORGE A ,  FEY MAURICE G

IPC: H05B7/08 ,  H05B7/06

CPC classification number: H05B7/08

公开(公告)号：US3705975A

公开(公告)日：1972-12-12

申请号：US3705975D

申请日：1970-03-02

Applicant: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP

Inventor： WOLF CHARLES B ,  FEY MAURICE G

IPC: H05B7/18

CPC classification number: H05B7/185

Abstract: AN ARC HEATER TWO GENERALLY CYLINDRICAL ELECTRODES WHICH TOGETHER WITH AN UPSTREAM END PLATE FORM SUBSTANTIALLY THE ENTIRE ENCLOSURE OF AN ARC CHAMBER, TWO ELECTRODES ARE ELECTRICALLY INSULATED FROM EACH OTHER AND SEPARATED BY A VERY NARROW GAP THROUGH WHICH PROCESS GAS IS BROUGHT INTO THE CHAMBER AT A VERY HIGH VELOCITY THROUGH A SUBSTANTIALLY CYLINDRICAL PATH THROUGH THE GAP. A SUFFICIENT SYSTEM VOLTAGE IS MAINTAINED ACROSS THE ELECTRODES AT ALL TIMES TO CAUSE ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN BETWEEN ELECTRODES IN THE NARROW GAP. THE ARC INITIALLY FORMS IN THE GAP, IS QUICKLY BLOWN BY THE HIGH VELOCITY GAS OUT OF THE GAP INTO THE CHAMBER AND MAY BECOME ELONGATED TO A LENGTH WHEREAT THE VOLTAGE REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN THE ARC EXCEEDS THE BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE OF THE GAP WHEREUPON FLASHOVER IN THE GAP OCCURS, THE ARC MOMENTARILY RETURNING TO THE GAP ONLY TO BE IMMEDIATELY BLOWN INTO THE ARC CHAMBER AND ELONGATED AGAIN. MAGNETIC FIELD COILS IN THE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES PROVIDE A MAGNETIC FIELD WHICH EXERTS

A FORCE ON THE ARC AND CAUSES IT TO ROTATE OVER THE ELECTRODE SURFACES. AN UPSTREAM ADMISSION TUBE EXTENDING THROUGH THE END PLATE IS PROVIDED FOR BRINGING IN ADDITIONAL FEED STOCK IN GASEOUS, LIQUID OR SOLID FORM. THE FIELD COILS MAY BE CONNECTED IN A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT CIRCUITS TO PROVIDE FIELD SHAPING AS DESIRED. THE ELECTRODES AND FIELD COILS ARE PART OF ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES WHICH INCLUDE MEANS DEFINING PASSAGEWAYS FOR THE FLOW OF COOLING FLUID TO CONDUCT HEAT FLUX FROM THE ARCING SURFACES. THE UPSTREAM ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY IS MOUNTED ON TWO PAIRS OF LINEAR HOLE BEARINGS ADAPTED TO MOVE ON TWO AXIALLY EXTENDING TIE RODS, AND ALL ELECTRICAL, GAS AND WATER CONNECTIONS TO THE UPSTREAM ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY ARE FLEXIBLE SO THAT THE ARC CHAMBER CAN BE OPENED WITHOUT ANY MAJOR DISCONNECTING OF THE EQUIPMENT. WHEN THE CHAMBER IS OPENED, THE ELECTRODES MAY BE SLIDABLY REMOVED FROM THE REMAINDER OF THE ASSEMBLIES.

公开(公告)号：US3663792A

公开(公告)日：1972-05-16

申请号：US3663792D

申请日：1970-03-02

Applicant: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP

Inventor： FEY MAURICE G

IPC: H01J37/32 ,  H05B7/18 ,  H05H1/50 ,  B23K9/00

CPC classification number: H01J37/32055 ,  H05B7/185 ,  H05H1/50

Abstract: The method includes admitting gas to be heated at a high velocity into an arc chamber through a narrow gap between spaced electrodes while maintaining across the electrodes a system or backup voltage sufficient at all times to cause electrical breakdown in the narrow gap between electrodes, while producing in the arc chamber a magnetic field having a preselected configuration to produce a beneficial effect or effects on the arc. The arc is periodically elongated by the high velocity gas until it attains such a length that the voltage required to sustain the arc exceeds the breakdown voltage of the gap whereupon the arc returns to the gap momentarily only to be blown out and elongated again. Gas is brought to the vicinity of the outside of the gap through a plurality of tangentially extending slots at spaced intervals around the entire periphery of the gap, whence it passes through the gap, the gas passing through the gap having a radial component and a tangential component. The high tangential flow component provides sufficiently large gas velocity to blow the arc from the electrode gap at a greatly reduced mass flow rate which may be of the order of one-fourth the flow rate which would be required if gas were admitted solely in a radial direction through the gap. The resulting decrease in the volume of gas to be heated results in an increased enthalpy imparted to the heated gas which may be of the order of five times that which can be obtained by purely radial gas admission. A higher arc voltage, results in a greatly improved power factor, and resulting decreased arc current results in an improvement in electrode lifetimes. Centrifugal effects in the arc chamber together with the influence of the magnetic field on the arc establish conditions wherein the arc column virtually follows the center line of the heater. Apparatus is provided for bringing gas to the gap to produce the aforementioned tangential flow coponent, and generate the magnetic field.

Abstract translation: 该方法包括通过间隔开的电极之间的窄间隙将待加热的气体高速地进入电弧室，同时保持跨过电极的系统或备用电压始终足以在电极之间的窄间隙中引起电击穿，同时产生 在电弧室中具有预选配置的磁场以产生有益效果或对电弧的影响。 电弧通过高速气体周期性地伸长，直到其达到维持电弧所需的电压超过间隙的击穿电压的长度，由此电弧瞬间返回到间隙才能被再次吹出并拉长。 气体通过围绕间隙的整个周边的间隔开的间隔开的多个切向延伸的槽被带到间隙的外部，并且通过间隙，通过间隙的气体具有径向分量和切向 零件。 高切向流分量提供足够大的气体速度，以大大降低的质量流率从电极间隙吹出电弧，该流速可以是气体仅在径向进入的所需流量的四分之一 方向通过差距。 由此导致的待加热气体体积的减少导致加热气体的焓增加，其可以通过纯径向气体进入获得的焓的5倍。 更高的电弧电压导致功率因数大大提高，并且由此导致的电弧电流降低导致电极寿命的改善。 电弧室中的离心效应以及磁场对电弧的影响建立了其中弧形柱实际上遵循加热器的中心线的条件。