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公开(公告)号：US07844951B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-30
申请号：US11322982
申请日：2005-12-30
IPC分类号： G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F8/74
摘要： A computerized method receives an implementation comprising a modifier method and an observer method of a class implementing an abstract data type. The method symbolically executes the modifier method to obtain constrained states, and applies the observer method in constrained states to obtain specialized axioms. The method then creates a specification from the obtained specialized axioms based on generalizing, merging and simplifying the specialized axioms.
摘要翻译： 计算机化方法接收包括实现抽象数据类型的类的修饰符方法和观察者方法的实现。 该方法以符号方式执行修正方法以获得约束状态，并将受监视方法应用于约束状态以获得专门的公理。 然后，该方法基于通用化，合并和简化专用公理，从获得的专业公理中创建一个规范。
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公开(公告)号：US07685571B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-23
申请号：US10650238
申请日：2003-08-27
IPC分类号： G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F8/75 , G06F8/74 , G06F11/3672
摘要： Described herein are methods and systems for interactively configuring and producing a data domain for various data structure elements of a computer program. A domain configuration manager is described which interactively receives domain configuration information corresponding to a data structure element, reads a reflection of the program and produces a data domain according to domain configuration information. The domain configuration manager is capable of producing a data domain for a data structure element according to such domain configuration information such as an explicit expression, inheritance or domain generation technique. The reflection of the computer program exposes the methods and functions of the program to be used in the explicit expression regardless of the visibility rules. Also, predicates and conditions can be used with domain generation techniques to further narrowly configure the data domains.
摘要翻译： 这里描述了用于交互地配置和产生用于计算机程序的各种数据结构元素的数据域的方法和系统。 描述了一种域配置管理器，其交互地接收对应于数据结构元素的域配置信息，读取该程序的反射并根据域配置信息产生数据域。 域配置管理器能够根据诸如显式表达式，继承性或域生成技术之类的域配置信息为数据结构元素生成数据域。 计算机程序的反映公开了要在显式表达式中使用的程序的方法和功能，而不管可见性规则如何。 此外，谓词和条件可以与域生成技术一起使用，以进一步窄配置数据域。
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公开(公告)号：US07444622B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-28
申请号：US10650297
申请日：2003-08-27
IPC分类号： G06F9/45
CPC分类号： G06F11/3684
摘要： A test domain configuration module generates graphical user interfaces for identifying information about desired tests such as data types and domain configurations, and collects information used by other modules to generate tests. The identified information may include, for example, an abstract syntax, a static semantic, max counts on instances of data types, or costs of field accesses or data types for max path costs or max expression costs. A test input generator, generates test input for the identified and configured data types. In one case, the generated test inputs are generated as tree data structures. A predicate determines whether a generated test input follows semantic conditions. A test input evaluator counts instances of data types in, sums paths through, or sums total costs of, the generated test inputs. A test acceptance module saves test inputs acceptable to the predicate and the test input evaluator.
摘要翻译： 测试域配置模块生成用于识别有关所需测试（例如数据类型和域配置）的信息的图形用户界面，并收集其他模块使用的信息以生成测试。 所识别的信息可以包括例如抽象语法，数据类型的实例的静态语义，最大计数，或者用于最大路径成本或最大表达成本的字段访问或数据类型的成本。 测试输入生成器，为识别和配置的数据类型生成测试输入。 在一种情况下，生成的测试输入被生成为树数据结构。 谓词确定生成的测试输入是否遵循语义条件。 测试输入评估器对数据类型的实例进行计数，总和通过生成的测试输入，或总计生成的测试输入的总和。 测试验收模块可以保存对谓词和测试输入评估器可接受的测试输入。
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公开(公告)号：US20070157169A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-05
申请号：US11322982
申请日：2005-12-30
CPC分类号： G06F8/74
摘要： The technology contributes the inference of formal specifications automatically, which can increase the acceptance of specifications. The technology introduces the symbolic execution of a modifier method to explore its behavior and then summarizing the results of the exploration using observer methods. This often results in concise, understandable specifications, which are a prerequisite for human analysis. Optionally, a generated specification is deemed sound and or complete. The specifications are presented as traditional pre-/post-condition specifications or parameterized unit tests. The former often serve as inputs to a program verification system, whereas the latter often provide inputs for tools that generate test cases.
摘要翻译： 该技术自动推荐正式规格，这可以增加规格的接受程度。 该技术引入了修饰符方法的符号执行来探索其行为，然后使用观察器方法总结探索的结果。 这通常导致简明扼要的规范，这是人类分析的先决条件。 可选地，生成的规范被认为是声音和/或完整的。 规格表示为传统的前/后条件规范或参数化单元测试。 前者通常用作程序验证系统的输入，而后者通常为生成测试用例的工具提供输入。
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5.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20070033576A1
公开(公告)日：2007-02-08
申请号：US11197912
申请日：2005-08-04
IPC分类号： G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F11/3688
摘要： Symbolic execution identifies possible execution paths of a computer program or method, each having certain constraints over the input values. The symbolic execution also records updates of memory locations, e.g. updates of the fields of symbolic objects in the heap of an object oriented program, involving a description of the previous heap, the updated symbolic object, a field identification, and a newly assigned symbolic value. The symbolic execution can also record calls to summarized methods, involving a description of previous calls, an identification of the summarized methods, and its symbolic arguments. The behavior of summarized methods can be expressed by axioms. Axioms describe the relationship between summarized methods under certain conditions. Axioms can be generated from parameterized unit tests. A parameterized unit test is a method with parameters which executes a sequence of calls to methods of an implementation under test; it asserts constraints over the inputs and outputs of the calls. A software testing program receives a parameterized unit test of an implementation under test, and symbolically executes the parameterized unit test. It can re-use axioms generated from other parameterized unit tests, and use them to emulate summarized methods.
摘要翻译： 符号执行标识计算机程序或方法的可能的执行路径，每一个对输入值都有一定的约束。 符号执行还记录存储器位置的更新，例如。 面向对象程序的堆中的符号对象的字段的更新，涉及先前堆的描述，更新的符号对象，字段标识和新分配的符号值。 符号执行还可以记录对汇总方法的调用，包括对先前调用的描述，汇总方法的标识及其符号参数。 总结方法的行为可以用公理来表示。 公理在某些条件下描述了总结方法之间的关系。 可以通过参数化单元测试生成公理。 参数化单元测试是一种具有参数的方法，该参数执行对被测实施方法的调用序列; 它声明了对呼叫的输入和输出的限制。 软件测试程序接收被测实施的参数化单元测试，并符号地执行参数化单元测试。 它可以重新使用从其他参数化单元测试生成的公理，并使用它们来模拟汇总的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US20070033443A1
公开(公告)日：2007-02-08
申请号：US11323032
申请日：2005-12-30
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/3684 , G06F11/00
摘要： A computer system provides a test program and one or more unit tests, such as a traditional unit test and or a parameterized unit test. The system also includes a constraint solver, a theorem prover, an implementation under test, a symbolic executor, a generalizor, and generated test cases. The generalizor receives a traditional unit tests as input, and modifies the traditional unit test into a parameterized unit test. The modification includes replacing plural concrete values in the traditional unit test with symbols, and exporting the symbols into a signature of the parameterized unit test. A symbolic executor identifies constraints while symbolically executing the created parameterized unit test of the implementation under test. A constraint solver and or theorem prover generates a set of test cases by solving for values that satisfy the series of constraints. The test program executes the automatically generated test cases.
摘要翻译： 计算机系统提供测试程序和一个或多个单元测试，如传统单元测试和参数化单元测试。 该系统还包括一个约束求解器，一个定理证明器，一个被测试的实现，一个符号执行器，一个通用程序和生成的测试用例。 通用人员接受传统的单元测试作为输入，并将传统的单元测试修改为参数化单元测试。 修改包括用符号替换传统单元测试中的多个具体值，并将符号导出到参数化单元测试的签名中。 符号执行器在符号执行被测实施的参数化单元测试时识别约束。 约束求解器和/或定理证明器通过求解满足一系列约束的值来生成一组测试用例。 测试程序执行自动生成的测试用例。
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公开(公告)号：US20050198621A1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-08
申请号：US10792555
申请日：2004-03-02
IPC分类号： G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F11/3624
摘要： Constraints are defined in view of a program implementation. Constraints check program state or variables to maintain data consistency. A constraint component determines a constraint's scope and variables upon which a constraint depends. Program flow is altered so constraints are checked whenever a variable upon which a constraint depends is updated. Optionally, program flow is altered dynamically to re-establish constraints whenever a variable upon which a constraint depends is updated. Re-establishing constraints provides efficiency, since a program flow is altered for a minimum cost based on a present evolving minimum set of active constraint-variable relationships.
摘要翻译： 限制是根据程序实现而定义的。 约束检查程序状态或变量以保持数据的一致性。 约束组件确定约束所依赖的约束的范围和变量。 更改程序流程，只要更新约束所依赖的变量，就会检查约束。 可选地，当更新约束所依赖的变量时动态地改变程序流程以重新建立约束。 重新建立约束提供了效率，因为基于当前演变的最小主动约束变量关系集，程序流被改变为最小成本。
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公开(公告)号：US07797687B2
公开(公告)日：2010-09-14
申请号：US11198569
申请日：2005-08-04
CPC分类号： G06F11/3684
摘要： Separation of parameterized unit tests (PUTs) from specific test cases supports many benefits including automated test case generation. Symbolic execution assigns symbolic input variables to parameters of a parameterized unit test. Path constraints of an implementation under test (IUT) are identified during symbolic execution. A constraint solver automatically generates test cases by determining the test inputs that satisfy one of more paths, each described by constraints, through the IUT. PUTs are used to populate behavioral summaries. Behavioral summaries are used later in future symbolic executions to emulate summarized methods. Behavioral summaries comprise behavioral purity axioms. Behavioral purity axioms require that an intensional heap before execution of a PUT be equal to the intensional heap after execution. An intensional heap is provided to represent state changes performed by summarized methods. The extensional heap is used to explicitly update memory locations, e.g. object fields or array elements.
摘要翻译： 从特定测试用例分离参数化单元测试（PUT）支持许多好处，包括自动测试用例生成。 符号执行将符号输入变量分配给参数化单元测试的参数。 在符号执行期间识别被测实施（IUT）的路径约束。 约束求解器通过确定满足一个更多路径的测试输入，通过IUT通过约束描述每个路径，自动生成测试用例。 PUT用于填充行为摘要。 行为概要将在今后的符号执行中被用来模拟汇总的方法。 行为概要包括行为纯度公理。 行为纯度公理要求执行PUT之前的强化堆等于执行后的强化堆。 提供了一个强大的堆来表示由汇总的方法执行的状态变化。 扩展堆用于显式更新内存位置，例如 对象字段或数组元素。
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公开(公告)号：US07584463B2
公开(公告)日：2009-09-01
申请号：US10650245
申请日：2003-08-27
CPC分类号： G06F9/463
摘要： A state component saves a present state of a program or model. This state component can be invoked by the program or model itself, thereby making state a first-class citizen. As the state of the program evolves from the saved state, the saved state remains for reflection and recall, for example, for testing, verification, transaction processing, etc. Using a state reference token, the saved state of the program or model can be accessed by the program or model. For example, the program or model by utilizing a state component, can return itself to the saved state. After returning to the saved state, a second execution path can be introduced without requiring re-execution of the actions leading to the saved state. In another example, the state space of an executing model is saved in order to generate inputs required to exercise a program or model.
摘要翻译： 状态组件保存程序或模型的当前状态。 该状态组件可以由程序或模型本身调用，从而使状态成为一流的公民。 随着程序状态从保存状态的演变，保存的状态保留用于反射和调用，例如用于测试，验证，事务处理等。使用状态引用令牌，程序或模型的保存状态可以是 由程序或模型访问。 例如，通过利用状态组件的程序或模型可以将自身返回到保存的状态。 返回到保存状态后，可以引入第二个执行路径，而不需要重新执行导致保存状态的动作。 在另一示例中，保存执行模型的状态空间，以便生成锻炼程序或模型所需的输入。
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公开(公告)号：US07496791B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-24
申请号：US11322967
申请日：2005-12-30
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/3684 , G06F11/00
摘要： A system for testing programs using a digital processor and programs in computer memory. A mock behavior generator identifies an interface indicated for mock behavior. The interface is identified as an input parameter of a parameterized unit test. The mock behavior generator creates a symbolic object with stubs to receive calls and mock behavior that returns symbolic values upon receiving a call to the stub. A symbolic executor, symbolically executes the parameterized unit test to obtain path constraints for an implementation under test, and at least one path constraint includes the symbol returned in response to the call to the stub. A constraint solver provides solutions for the paths including concrete values assigned to returned symbols. The mock behavior generator creates mock objects that return the concrete values when the implementation under test is executed.
摘要翻译： 用于使用数字处理器和程序在计算机存储器中测试程序的系统。 模拟行为发生器识别为模拟行为指定的界面。 该接口被识别为参数化单元测试的输入参数。 模拟行为生成器使用存根创建一个符号对象，用于接收到对存根的调用时返回符号值的调用和模拟行为。 符号执行器象征性地执行参数化单元测试，以获得被测实施的路径约束，并且至少一个路径约束包括响应于该存根的调用返回的符号。 约束求解器为路径提供了解决方案，包括分配给返回符号的具体值。 模拟行为生成器创建模拟对象，在执行被测实现时返回具体值。
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