摘要:
A protective circuit arrangement is disclosed for electrical equipment supplied, for example, from a conductor loop in surroundings subject to explosion hazards in process engineering installations. To suppress current flow from an energy store of the electrical equipment into the conductor loop, an exemplary cascadeable switchgear cell is disclosed, having a first transistor, which allows the loop current to pass, and a second transistor, which short-circuits a parasitic base-emitter diode of the first transistor.
摘要:
A telecommunication device has a power-supplying receiving device, and a transmitter device supplied by the receiving device via a current loop for the output of at least one variable measurement value. The measurement value is imprinted on the loop current. The telecommunication device also includes an additional appliance supplied from the current loop. The additional appliance includes a control device for adaptively adjusting its operating voltage relative to the loop current as a function of the current power requirement. The control device reduces the operating voltage up to a minimum operating voltage value upon increasing loop current in a reversed proportional manner to the loop current, and keeps the operating voltage constant in case of a further increase of the loop current in a loop current independent manner.
摘要:
A temperature sensor is disclosed as having a resistance thermocouple, accommodated in a sensor housing, for detecting a process temperature. The thermocouple can be connected via a multipole electric line to an electronic temperature transmitter for measured-value conditioning, the resistance thermocouple being equipped for in-situ calibration with a Johnson noise thermometer for determination of a reference temperature.
摘要:
An apparatus is provided for emulation of a power system. The apparatus includes a plurality of programmable elements which are selectively connectable to one another. Each programmable element includes at least two elements selected from the group consisting of a generator element, a line element and a load element. A programmable switch element is operable to selectively connect the at least two elements of each programmable element to one another, and to selectively connect the programmable element to one or more other programmable elements. A system, which incorporates the apparatus, is also provided for emulating a power system incorporating such apparatus.