MUTATIONS OF THE PIK3CA GENE IN HUMAN CANCERS
    1.
    发明申请
    MUTATIONS OF THE PIK3CA GENE IN HUMAN CANCERS 审中-公开
    人类癌症中PIK3CA基因的突变

    公开(公告)号:US20110319477A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-12-29

    申请号:US13210736

    申请日:2011-08-16

    摘要: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are known to be important regulators of signaling pathways. To determine whether PI3Ks are genetically altered in cancers, we analyzed the sequences of the PI3K gene family and discovered that one family member, PIK3CA, is frequently mutated in cancers of the colon and other organs. The majority of mutations clustered near two positions within the PI3K helical or kinase domains. PIK3CA represents one of the most highly mutated oncogenes yet identified in human cancers and is useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.

    摘要翻译: 已知磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)是信号通路的重要调控因子。 为了确定PI3K在癌症中的遗传改变,我们分析了PI3K基因家族的序列,发现一个家族成员PIK3CA在结肠癌和其他器官的癌症中经常发生突变。 大多数突变聚集在PI3K螺旋或激酶结构域内的两个位置附近。 PIK3CA代表人类癌症中尚未鉴定的最高突变型癌基因之一,可用作诊断和治疗靶点。

    PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE MUTATIONS IN CANCERS
    3.
    发明申请
    PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE MUTATIONS IN CANCERS 有权
    蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶突变体

    公开(公告)号:US20120095086A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-04-19

    申请号:US13275958

    申请日:2011-10-18

    摘要: Tyrosine phosphorylation, regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and kinases (PTKs), is important in signaling pathways underlying tumorigenesis. A mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatase gene superfamily in human cancers identified 83 somatic mutations in six PTPs (PTPRF, PTPRG, PTPRT, PTPN3, PTPN13, PTPN14), affecting 26% of colorectal cancers and a smaller fraction of lung, breast and gastric cancers. Fifteen mutations were nonsense, frameshift or splice site alterations predicted to result in truncated proteins lacking phosphatase activity. Five missense mutations in the most commonly altered PTP (PTPRT) were biochemically examined and found to reduce phosphatase activity. Expression of wild-type but not a mutant PTPRT in human cancer cells inhibited cell growth. These observations suggest that the tyrosine phosphatase genes are tumor suppressor genes, regulating cellular pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.

    摘要翻译: 由蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTP)和激酶(PTK)调节的酪氨酸磷酸化在肿瘤发生的信号通路中是重要的。 人类癌症中酪氨酸磷酸酶基因超家族的突变分析鉴定了六种PTP(PTPRF,PTPRG,PTPRT,PTPN3,PTPN13,PTPN14)中的83个体细胞突变,影响26%的结肠直肠癌和较小部分的肺癌,乳腺癌和胃癌 。 十五个突变是无义,移位或剪接位点改变,预计会导致截短的蛋白质缺乏磷酸酶活性。 在生物化学检查中发现最常改变的PTP(PTPRT)中的五个错义突变被发现可以减少磷酸酶活性。 野生型但不是突变PTPRT在人类癌细胞中的表达抑制细胞生长。 这些观察结果表明酪氨酸磷酸酶基因是肿瘤抑制基因,调节可能适合于治疗干预的细胞途径。

    GENOMIC LANDSCAPES OF HUMAN BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCERS
    4.
    发明申请
    GENOMIC LANDSCAPES OF HUMAN BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCERS 审中-公开
    人类乳腺癌和色素沉着病的基因组学观察

    公开(公告)号:US20130196312A1

    公开(公告)日:2013-08-01

    申请号:US13247552

    申请日:2011-09-28

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/68

    摘要: Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalogue the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene “mountains” and a much larger number of gene “hills” that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.

    摘要翻译: 人类癌症是由致癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因突变的积累引起的。 为了列出肿瘤发生过程中发生的遗传变化,我们从11个乳腺和11个结肠直肠肿瘤中分离出DNA,并在这些样品中确定了参考序列数据库中的基因序列。 根据对18,191个基因的20,857个转录本的外显子的分析,我们得出结论,乳腺癌和结肠直肠癌的基因组景观由少数常见的突变基因“山”组成,更多的基因“山”在低位突变 频率。 我们描述了统计和生物信息学工具,可以帮助识别在肿瘤发生中发挥作用的突变。 这些结果有助于了解人类癌症的性质和异质性以及使用个人基因组学进行肿瘤诊断和治疗。