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公开(公告)号：US20220219156A1
公开(公告)日：2022-07-14
申请号：US17607756
申请日：2020-04-27
发明人： Christoph GLOTZBACH , Nils TENHUMBERG , Tarek EL HAWARY , Yevgeny MAKHYNYA , Walter LEITNER , Jürgen KLANKERMAYER , Hannah SCHUMACHER
IPC分类号： B01J31/24 , C07C273/02
摘要： A ruthenium-phosphine complex can be used as a catalyst in a method for the catalytic synthesis of urea. The method may comprise more particularly a reaction of formamide or of formamide with ammonia in the presence of the catalyst to form urea and hydrogen. Through the use of the ruthenium-phosphine complex as the catalyst, catalytic preparation of urea from formamide or from formamide with ammonia is provided for the first time. This allows for synthesis under mild conditions and virtually no formation of byproducts. Further, using an acid as a cocatalyst in the catalytic synthesis or the reaction can lead to an improvement in urea yield.
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公开(公告)号：US20220234999A1
公开(公告)日：2022-07-28
申请号：US17607716
申请日：2020-04-27
发明人： Yevgeny MAKHYNYA , Tarek EL HAWARY , Christoph GLOTZBACH , Nils TENHUMBERG , Walter LEITNER , Jürgen KLANKERMAYER , Hannah SCHUMACHER
IPC分类号： C07C273/02 , C07C231/10 , C07C273/10
摘要： A process for preparing urea comprises preparing formamide based on carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia, forming methyl formate or ammonium formate as an intermediate in a catalytic reaction, and preparing urea by reacting the formamide and possibly ammonia in the presence of a catalyst. The source of carbon dioxide is a liquid laden with chemically and/or physically bound carbon dioxide and selected from a methanol phase or an aqueous ammonia solution obtained by gas scrubbing of a syngas for removing carbon dioxide using a scrubbing fluid. The scrubbing fluid can be a methanol phase, or carbon dioxide is desorbed from the scrubbing fluid and absorbed into a methanol phase to give a carbon dioxide-laden methanol phase that is then reacted as carbon dioxide-containing stream with a hydrogen-containing stream in the presence of a catalyst to form methyl formate. The methyl formate is reacted with an ammonia-containing stream to form formamide.
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公开(公告)号：US20210268460A1
公开(公告)日：2021-09-02
申请号：US17254117
申请日：2019-06-14
发明人： Yevgeny MAKHYNYA , Tarek EL HAWARY
IPC分类号： B01J2/00 , B05D1/02 , C07C273/10 , F25J1/00
摘要： A process may be utilized to coat urea-containing granules with organic polymers. The process may involve compressing gaseous carbon dioxide and condensing the carbon dioxide to obtain liquid carbon dioxide, increasing the pressure and/or the temperature above the critical point of carbon dioxide and obtaining supercritical carbon dioxide, dissolving an organic polymer in the supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain a polymer-containing solution, and mixing the polymer-containing solution with urea-containing granules and lowering the temperature and/or the pressure below the critical point of carbon dioxide and obtaining coated urea-containing granules and gaseous carbon dioxide. In some cases the organic polymer may include biodegradable polymers, and the polymer-containing solution may contain between 20 to 70% by weight biodegradable polymers.
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公开(公告)号：US20210254774A1
公开(公告)日：2021-08-19
申请号：US17253496
申请日：2019-06-25
发明人： Martin MAI , Klaus NÖLKER , Bernd KEIL , Tarek EL HAWARY
摘要： A reformer for steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing mixture, including a combustion chamber, a burner arranged within the combustion chamber, a first reactor tube which is arranged at least in sections within the combustion chamber, a catalyst arranged inside the first reactor tube, and an electrically heatable heating element is arranged inside the first reactor tube.
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公开(公告)号：US20210246021A1
公开(公告)日：2021-08-12
申请号：US16973076
申请日：2019-06-07
摘要： A process for performing the water gas shift reaction wherein raw synthesis gas is reacted in the presence of steam and at least one water gas shift catalyst to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and to form hydrogen. The raw synthesis gas is initially passed through at least one unit for high-temperature CO conversion and subsequently, downstream thereof, passed through at least one unit for low-temperature CO conversion. After passing through the at least one unit for high-temperature CO conversion the synthesis gas stream is divided into at least two substreams. The first substream is passed through a first unit for low-temperature CO conversion and the second substream is passed through a second unit for low-temperature CO conversion, wherein both units for low-temperature CO conversion are arranged in parallel relative to one another.
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