公开(公告)号：US5713415A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-03

申请号：US685512

申请日：1996-07-24

申请人： Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  H01B7/04 ,  H01B7/26 ,  E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B43/2401 ,  E21B36/04 ,  H01B7/046 ,  H01B7/26

摘要： Low-flux-leakage cables and cable terminations for an A.C. electrical heating system that heats a fluid reservoir around a mineral fluid well, usually an oil well; the system utilizes A.C. electrical heating power in a range of 25 to 1000 Hz. The well has a borehole extending down through overburden formations and through a subterranean fluid reservoir; the well includes an electrically conductive upper casing in the overburden, an electrically conductive heating electrode located in the reservoir, and an electrically insulating casing between the upper casing and the heating electrode. The cable extends down through the upper casing and is connected to the heating electrode to supply electrical power to the electrode. The power cable has two or three electrical conductors which are electrically isolated from each other, enclosed within a steel sheath. The conductors are electrically terminated within a zone that immediately surrounds the heating electrode and adjacent formations; there is a net vertical current of approximately zero in the conductors so that eddy current and skin effect losses in the steel sheath are minimized. For a two-conductor cable, one conductor is connected to the well casing and the other is connected to the electrode.

摘要翻译： 用于加热矿物流体周围的流体储存器（通常为油井）的交流电加热系统的低通量泄漏电缆和电缆终端; 该系统利用在25至1000Hz范围内的交流电加热功率。 井具有向下延伸穿过覆盖层地层并通过地下储层的井眼; 井包括覆盖层中的导电上壳体，位于储液器中的导电加热电极，以及在上壳体和加热电极之间的电绝缘壳体。 电缆向下延伸通过上壳体并连接到加热电极以向电极提供电力。 电力电缆具有两个或三个电导体，它们彼此电隔离，封闭在钢护套内。 导体在紧靠着加热电极和相邻地层的区域内电终止; 在导体中存在约为零的净垂直电流，使得钢护套中的涡流和皮肤效应损失最小化。 对于双芯电缆，一个导体连接到井套管，另一个连接到电极。

公开(公告)号：US4662438A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-05

申请号：US757018

申请日：1985-07-19

申请人： Allen Taflove ,  Guggilam C. Sresty ,  Korada Umashankar

发明人： Allen Taflove ,  Guggilam C. Sresty ,  Korada Umashankar

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/30

CPC分类号： E21B43/30 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/2401

摘要： Method and apparatus for enhancing liquid hydrocarbon production through a single traditional producing borehole recognizing traditional producing well spacing from a slowly producing formation by use of non-uniform heating through interrelated electrode arrays surrounding the borehole. Heating the formation around the borehole through an interrelated electrode array designed for the formations geometry and geophysics favorably redistributes the pressure gradient throughout the formation for a substantial distance beyond the borehole permitting net energy effective production. One optimum electrode array may consist of ring electrodes or electrode segments so disposed as to electrically approximate a ring. Electrically conductive well bore casing in the formation may be used as an electrode. A return electrode of low impedance disposed close to the surface of the earth may be utilized.

摘要翻译： 通过单个传统的生产井眼增强液体烃生产的方法和装置，通过使用通过围绕钻孔的相互联系的电极阵列通过不均匀的加热，识别传统的产生与缓慢生产地层的井间距。 通过设计用于地层几何形状和地球物理学的相互联系的电极阵列加热钻孔周围的地层，有利地将整个地层中的压力梯度重新分布，超过钻孔允许净能量有效生产。 一个最佳电极阵列可以由环形电极或电极段组成，以便电气近似环。 地层中的导电井筒外壳可用作电极。 可以使用靠近地球表面布置的低阻抗返回电极。

公开(公告)号：US5621844A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-15

申请号：US396620

申请日：1995-03-01

申请人： Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/00

CPC分类号： E21B36/04

摘要： A.C. electrical heating system for heating a fluid reservoir (deposit) in the vicinity of a mineral fluid well, usually an oil well, utilizes A.C. electrical power in a range of 25 Hz to 30 KHz. The well has a borehole extending down through an overburden and into a subterranean fluid (oil) reservoir. There is a well casing including an upper electrically conductive casing around the borehole in the overburden, and at least one electrically conductive heating electrode located in the reservoir to deliver heat to the reservoir. An electrically insulating casing is interposed between the upper casing and the heating electrode. An electrically isolated conductor extends down through the casing. The heating system further includes an electrical A.C. power source having first and second outputs; the power source is usually located at the top of the well. There is a downhole voltage-reducing impedance transformation network having a primary and a secondary; in one described construction this network includes a step-down transformer. The primary of the transformation network is connected to the outputs of the power source. The secondary of the transformation network is connected to the downhole heating electrode.

摘要翻译： 用于加热矿物流体井（通常为油井）附近的流体储存器（沉积物）的电加热系统利用25Hz至30KHz范围内的交流电力。 井具有向下延伸穿过上覆岩层并进入地下流体（油）储层的钻孔。 存在包括围绕上覆岩层的井眼周围的上部导电壳体的井套管，以及位于储存器中以将热量传递到储存器的至少一个导电加热电极。 电绝缘壳体插入在上壳体和加热电极之间。 电隔离导体向下延伸通过外壳。 加热系统还包括具有第一和第二输出的电交流电源; 电源通常位于井的顶部。 具有初级和次级的井下减压阻抗变换网络; 在一个描述的结构中，该网络包括降压变压器。 转换网络的主要连接到电源的输出。 转换网络的二次连接到井下加热电极。

公开(公告)号：US5012868A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-07

申请号：US322930

申请日：1989-03-14

申请人： Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  E21B41/02 ,  E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B41/02 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/2401 ,  Y10S166/902

摘要： Method and apparatus for corrosion inhibition in an electromagnetic heating system for heating a portion of a mineral fluid deposit adjacent an oil well or other mineral fluid well, in situ. The preferred apparatus includes a power source, that develops a high amperage heating current, over 100 amperes, at a heating frequency usually in a range of from 0.01 Hz or lower to 35 Hz, in a heating circuit that includes a main heating electrode downhole of the well and a return electrode. The power source also supplies a very low amplitude, controlled D.C. bias current to those electrodes, maintaining the main electrode at a neutral or negative polarity for corrosion protection. The D.C. bias current is monitored and maintained below a given minimum level, usually about one ampere, to extend the effective life of the return electrode and to minimize corrosion protection costs.

公开(公告)号：US5099918A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-31

申请号：US646514

申请日：1991-01-25

申请人： Jack E. Bridges ,  George T. Dubiel

发明人： Jack E. Bridges ,  George T. Dubiel

IPC分类号： E21B36/00 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B41/02 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B47/06

CPC分类号： E21B41/02 ,  E21B36/006 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/2401 ,  E21B47/06

摘要： Electrical power sources and systems for heating in or adjacent to an oil well or other mineral well, or for heating other earth media, each comprising an A.C. heating generator that generates an A.C. heating current at a selected heating frequency substantially different from the conventional 50/60 Hz frequency used by power companies; the heating generator may comprise an A.C. to D.C. converter for developing an intermediate D.C. output of predetermined amplitude from a conventional 50/60 Hz A.C. input, and a solid state switching circuit for repetitively sampling the D.C. output of the converter at the selected heating frequency, usually in a range of 0.01 Hz (or even lower) up to about 35 Hz. A heating rate control varies the energy content and the frequency of the A.C. output to suit well requirements. Each power source or system includes output connections for connecting the output of the heating generator to a normally inaccessible main heating electrode, usually located downhole in a well, and to a return electrode; most have the capability of including a very small controllable D.C. component in the output.

摘要翻译： 用于在油井或其他矿井中或邻近油井或其他矿井加热或用于加热其它地球介质的电源和系统，每个包括交流加热发电机，其以与传统的50 / 电力公司使用的60 Hz频率; 加热发电机可以包括AC-DC转换器，用于从常规的50/60Hz AC输入开发预定幅度的中间DC输出，以及固态切换电路，用于以选定的加热频率重复地对转换器的DC输出进行采样， 通常在0.01Hz（甚至更低）至35Hz的范围内。 加热速率控制可以改变交流输出的能量含量和频率，以适应良好的要求。 每个电源或系统包括用于将发电机的输出连接到通常位于井下的通常不可接近的主加热电极和返回电极的输出连接; 大多数都具有在输出中包含非常小的可控直流分量的能力。

公开(公告)号：US5070533A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-03

申请号：US610080

申请日：1990-11-07

申请人： Jack E. Bridges ,  Thomas J. Bajzek ,  Kenneth E. Hofer ,  Homer L. Spencer ,  Larry G. Smith ,  Vincent R. Young

发明人： Jack E. Bridges ,  Thomas J. Bajzek ,  Kenneth E. Hofer ,  Homer L. Spencer ,  Larry G. Smith ,  Vincent R. Young

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  H05B3/00 ,  H05B3/03

CPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  H05B3/0004 ,  H05B3/03 ,  H05B2214/03

摘要： Electrical heating system for mineral wells, particularly oil wells, in which the reservoir or "pay zone" is heat stimulated or some well components (e.g., the tubing) are heated, or both, by electrical power supplied to a multi-perforate electrode have the operating efficiency enhanced by effectively terminating the heating electrode, at both its top and bottom, at a distance inwardly of the pay zone equal to at least three times the diameter of the well casing. In some systems the electrical power connection to the main heating electrode is made through a section of the production tubing of the well, with an electrical contactor interconnecting the tubing and the electrode in the level of the pay zone; these systems also provide electrical isolation, within critical height limits, for the production tubing and the pump rod. Delivery of electrical power downhole of the well may be accomplished through an electrical cable, which may or may not be appropriately armored. Specific electrode construction combine conductive and insulating materials to counteract galvanic corrosion while maintaining mechanical strength.

公开(公告)号：US4919201A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-24

申请号：US322912

申请日：1989-03-14

申请人： Jack E. Bridges ,  George T. Dubiel ,  Thomas J. Bajzek

发明人： Jack E. Bridges ,  George T. Dubiel ,  Thomas J. Bajzek

IPC分类号： C23F13/04 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B41/02

CPC分类号： C23F13/04 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B41/02 ,  Y10S166/902

摘要： Corrosion inhibition apparatus in an electromagnetic heating system for in situ downhole heating in an oil well or other mineral fluid well that includes an A.C. power source for a high amperage, low frequency heating current (e.g. over 50 amperes at 0.01 to 35 Hz) and a D.C. bias source for generating a low amplitude (e.g., less than one ampere) current for corrosion inhibition, both sources connected to a downhole electrode. The bias source includes at least one semiconductor device, connected in the main A.C. heating circuit, in a bias circuit that develops a net D.C. voltage differential of the polarity required for corrosion inhibition in response to the A.C. heating current.