公开(公告)号：US20030222807A1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-04

申请号：US10159444

申请日：2002-05-31

Inventor： Kwang M. Cho

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/9035 ,  G01S13/9011 ,  G01S2013/9041

Abstract: A system and method (44) for focusing an image oriented in an arbitrary direction when the collected synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is processed using range migration algorithm (RMA). In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, first (60) the data is skewed so that the direction of smearing in the image is aligned with one of the spatial frequency axes of the image. In the illustrative embodiment, the smearing is aligned in the vertical direction. This is done through a phase adjustment that was derived from the requirements for proper shift in the spatial frequency domain. Next (62), the signal support areas from all targets are aligned by proper phase adjustment in the spatial (or image) domain. Finally (64), the common phase error can be corrected using autofocus algorithms.

Abstract translation: 一种当使用范围迁移算法（RMA）处理所收集的合成孔径雷达（SAR）数据时，用于聚焦在任意方向上定向的图像的系统和方法（44）。 根据本发明的教导，首先（60）数据偏斜，使得图像中的拖尾方向与图像的空间频率轴之一对齐。 在说明性实施例中，拖尾在垂直方向上对齐。 这是通过相位调整完成​​的，该相位调整是从对空间频域的适当偏移的要求得出的。 接下来（62），来自所有目标的信号支持区域通过空间（或图像）域中的适当的相位调整来对齐。 最后（64），可以使用自动对焦算法校正公共相位误差。

公开(公告)号：US20030151540A1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-14

申请号：US10075491

申请日：2002-02-12

Inventor： David A. Faulkner

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/003 ,  G01S13/9023 ,  G01S13/9035 ,  G01S2013/9058

Abstract: A method and bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging system generate an image of a target area without knowledge of the position or velocity of the illuminator. The system includes an illuminator to illuminate a target area with a null-monopulse radiation pattern interleaved with a sum radiation pattern. The illuminator adjusts the phase terms of the sum radiation pattern to maintain a static electromagnetic field pattern at the target area. A receiver receives the radiation patterns reflected from the target area and generates phase compensation terms by correlating a measured electromagnetic vector field with the known static electromagnetic vector field. The phase compensation terms are used to generate an image of the target area.

Abstract translation: 一种方法和双稳态合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像系统在不知道照明器的位置或速度的情况下生成目标区域的图像。 该系统包括用与辐射模式交错的零单脉冲辐射图案照射目标区域的照明器。 照明器调整总和辐射图案的相位项，以在目标区域保持静电磁场图案。 接收器接收从目标区域反射的辐射图，并通过将测量的电磁矢量场与已知静态电磁矢量场相关联来产生相位补偿项。 相位补偿项用于生成目标区域的图像。

公开(公告)号：US20030122700A1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-03

申请号：US10314629

申请日：2002-12-09

Applicant: Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.

Inventor： Alberto Moreira ,  Andreas Reigber

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/9035 ,  G01S2013/9058

Abstract: By means of a tomograhic radar technique consisting of a coherent combination of large numbers of synthetic aperture radar images acquired by several air or space SAR systems having different look angles, a real three-dimensional imaging of volume scatterers is achieved. This allows the separation of the backscattered signal of volume scatterers in the height direction which can be further evaluated independently. The invention can be put to use in the three-dimensional analysis of vegetation layers and ground strata, but also for imaging and mapping of buildings, urban areas and mountainous terrain.

Abstract translation: 通过由具有不同外观角度的几个空气或空间SAR系统获取的大量合成孔径雷达图像的相干组合组成的层析成像雷达技术，实现了体积散射体的真正的三维成像。 这允许在高度方向上分离体积散射体的背散射​​信号，这可以独立地进一步评估。 本发明可用于植被层和地层的三维分析，也可用于建筑物，城市和山区的成像和绘图。

公开(公告)号：US20040178944A1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-16

申请号：US09804355

申请日：2001-03-12

Inventor： David L. Richardson ,  Andrzej Sobski ,  Kenneth D. Gorham ,  Scott A. Stratmoen

IPC: G01S013/74 ,  G01S013/89 ,  G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/9035 ,  G01S13/765 ,  G01S13/825

Abstract: An RFID system using encoded digital information utilizing pulsed linear frequency modulation (LFM). The LFM waveform is sent from an24 aircraft or satellite and is received by a transponder. The LFM waveform is demodulated using both, an AM and an FM receiver. The demodulated data is compared to preprogrammed criteria tables, and after validation is decoded and utilized. Algorithms in the transponder are used to determine the frequency deviation and for calculating the direction of the slope of the LFM input signal. The valid RF signal is stored in a delay element, encoded with the transponder data using phase modulation (PM), and frequency modulation (FM). The tag transmission is synchronized to the input LFM waveform. The transmit/receive chopping signal prevents unwanted oscillations and is capable of randomization.

Abstract translation: 使用脉冲线性频率调制（LFM）的编码数字信息的RFID系统。 LFM波形是从一架24架飞机或卫星发送的，并由一个应答器接收。 LFM波形使用AM和FM接收机进行解调。 将解调的数据与预编程的标准表进行比较，并且在验证被解码和使用之后。 应答器中的算法用于确定频率偏差，并用于计算LFM输入信号斜率的方向。 有效的RF信号被存储在使用相位调制（PM）和频率调制（FM）的应答器数据编码的延迟元件中。 标签传输与输入LFM波形同步。 发射/接收斩波信号防止不必要的振荡并且能够随机化。

公开(公告)号：US20040017307A1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-29

申请号：US10269818

申请日：2002-10-11

Applicant: Science Applications International Corporation

Inventor： Francis Robert Cirillo ,  Paul Leonard Poehler

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S7/295 ,  G01S13/90 ,  G01S13/9035 ,  H03M7/40

Abstract: Methods and apparatus compress data, comprising an In-phase (I) component and a Quadrature (Q) component. The compressed data may be saved into a memory or may be transmitted to a remote location for subsequent processing or storage. Statistical characteristics of the data are utilized to convert the data into a form that requires a reduced number of bits in accordance with the statistical characteristics. The data may be further compressed by transforming the data, as with a discrete cosine transform, and by modifying the transformed data in accordance with a quantization conversion table that is selected using a data type associated with the data. Additionally, a degree of redundancy may be removed from the processed data with an encoder. Subsequent processing of the compressed data may decompress the compressed data in order to approximate the original data by reversing the process for compressing the data with corresponding inverse operations.

Abstract translation: 方法和装置压缩包括同相（I）分量和正交（Q）分量的数据。 压缩数据可以被保存到存储器中，或者可以被传送到远程位置用于随后的处理或存储。 数据的统计特性用于将数据转换为根据统计特性需要减少位数的形式。 数据可以通过与离散余弦变换一样变换数据，并且通过根据使用与数据相关联的数据类型选择的量化转换表修改变换数据来进一步压缩数据。 此外，可以用编码器从处理的数据中去除冗余度。 压缩数据的后续处理可以解压缩压缩数据，以便通过反转用相应的反向操作来压缩数据的处理来近似原始数据。

公开(公告)号：US20030071750A1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-17

申请号：US10086202

申请日：2002-02-28

Inventor： Gerald R. Benitz

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/9011

Abstract: A high-definition radar imaging system and method receives image data and adaptively processes the image the data to provide a high resolution image. The imaging technique employs adaptive processing using a constrained minimum variance method to iteratively compute the high-definition image. The high-definition image I is expressed in range and cross-range as I(r,c)nullminnullHRnull, where null is a weighting vector and R is a covariance matrix of the image data. A solution for I(r,c) is approximated by i) forming Ynullnullx1 . . . xKnullT/{square root}{square root over (K)} where x1 . . . xk are beamspace looks formed from image domain looks and with y1, y2, and y3 denoting the Knull1 columns of Y; ii) computing r21nully2Ty1 and r31nully3Ty1, and bnullr21y2nullr31y3; computing null as 1 null = min null ( r 21 2 + r 31 2 b T null b , null - 1 r 21 2 + r 31 2 ) ; and iii) computing I(r,c) as I(r,c)nullnully1nullnullbnull2.

公开(公告)号：US20020135506A1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-26

申请号：US10050895

申请日：2002-01-18

Inventor： Helmut Klausing ,  Horst Kaltschmidt

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/9035 ,  G01S7/412 ,  G01S2013/9082

Abstract: A ROSAR wire detection method is based upon ROSAR focusing of entire segments of wire. By generating a wire reference signal comprised of a sum of coherent reference signals, the basis for reliable wire detectability is provided.

Abstract translation: ROSAR线检测方法基于整个线段的ROSAR聚焦。 通过产生由相干参考信号之和构成的导线参考信号，提供了可靠的线检测性的基础。

公开(公告)号：US20040227659A1

公开(公告)日：2004-11-18

申请号：US10833342

申请日：2004-04-28

Applicant: Essex Corp.

Inventor： Paul W. Woodford ,  Gerald Davieau ,  James L. Lafuse

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/9035

Abstract: Methods for mitigating sidelobes and aliases, providing levels of suppression in excess of 20 dB. The methods may include 1) a version of the CLEAN algorithm developed in radio astronomy, modified to work on sub-aperture images; 2) weighting functions based on the phase and amplitude statistics of the sub-aperture image pixels to select points in the CLEAN algorithm; and 3) weighting functions based on the phase and amplitude statistics of the sub-aperture image pixels to mitigate sidelobes and aliases, in conjunction with CLEAN or separately. The methods may be used with all synthetic aperture techniques and are not limited to SAR.

Abstract translation: 减轻旁瓣和别名的方法，提供超过20 dB的抑制水平。 该方法可以包括1）在射电天文学中开发的CLEAN算法的版本，被修改为在子孔径图像上工作; 2）基于子孔径图像像素的相位和幅度统计的加权函数，以选择CLEAN算法中的点; 以及3）基于子孔径图像像素的相位和幅度统计量的加权函数，以减轻旁瓣和别名，结合CLEAN或分开。 所述方法可以与所有合成孔径技术一起使用，并不限于SAR。

公开(公告)号：US20040201513A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-14

申请号：US10475596

申请日：2003-10-23

Inventor： Helmut Klausing ,  Horst Kaltschmidt

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/904

Abstract: The invention relates to a radar system for active obstacle warning and imaging of the surface of the earth, working in the pulse frequency or FM-CW range, which can be used in on-line operation in real time, comprising a plurality of antenna elements for sending and receiving radar signals, which are arranged on the fuselage of an aircraft, and which may be turned on and scanned sequentially, whereby a synthetic aperture can be generated by means of periodic sending and receiving of the antenna elements. According to the invention, the antenna elements are arranged along the curved surface of the aircraft contour, whereby a SAR processor is present, which analyzes the data obtained from the antenna elements and displays them as processed radar images on board the aircraft, in a virtual cockpit.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于主动障碍物警报和地球表面成像的雷达系统，其工作在脉冲频率或FM-CW范围内，可实时在线操作，包括多个天线元件 用于发送和接收布置在飞行器的机身上的雷达信号，并且其可以被依次打开和扫描，从而可以通过周期性地发送和接收天线元件来产生合成孔径。 根据本发明，天线元件沿着飞行器轮廓的曲面布置，由此存在SAR处理器，其分析从天线元件获得的数据，并将它们作为经处理的雷达图像显示在飞行器上，虚拟 座舱。

公开(公告)号：US20040021598A1

公开(公告)日：2004-02-05

申请号：US10631712

申请日：2003-08-01

Inventor： David Alan Garren

IPC: G01S013/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/9035 ,  G01S7/52077 ,  G01S15/8906 ,  G01S15/8977 ,  G01S2013/9052

Abstract: Described herein are frequency-domain back-projection processes for forming spotlight synthetic aperture radar (nullSARnull) images that are not corrupted by the effects of multiple-bounce ghosting artifacts. These processes give an approximately exact reconstruction of the multiple bounce reflectivity function (MBRF) null(x,y,null). Specifically, the evaluation off null(x,y,null) in the nullnull0 plane gives an approximately exact reconstruction of the true object scattering centers which is uncorrupted by multiple-bounce contributions to the phase history data G(null,null). In addition, the non-zero dependence of null(x,y,null) upon the MB coordinate null can be used to facilitate the identification of features-interest within the imaged region.

Abstract translation: 这里描述的是用于形成聚光灯合成孔径雷达（“SAR”）图像的频域反投影处理，其不被多次反射重影伪影的影响所破坏。 这些过程给出了多次反弹反射函数（MBRF）f（x，y，γ）的近似精确重建。 具体来说，γ= 0平面中的f（x，y，γ）的评估给出了通过对相位历史数据G（xi，θ）的多次反弹贡献未被破坏的真实物体散射中心的近似精确重建。 此外，f（x，y，γ）对MB坐标γ的非零依赖性可以用于促进对成像区域内的特征兴趣的识别。