Abstract:
A method for determining the efficiency of a carbon filter used to absorb hydrocarbons from an organic amine solvent. After the solvent has passed through the filter, a sample is taken and passed through a standard gas chromatograph (GC) to measure the area counts for the hydrocarbons and the solvent. The sample does not have to have an internal standard added to it nor does it have to be measured before it is run through the GC. The area counts are converted into actual amounts by using Reduction Factors taken from a specially-prepared calibration table. These amounts are normalized and added to give the total amount of hydrocarbons present in the solvent after it has passed through the carbon filter.
Abstract:
A method using an "inverted" production well (20) for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean reservoir (11) wherein the production wellbore (20) has a substantially vertical, non-inverted portion (20a) with angle building to near 90 degrees, an integral, substantially horizontal portion (20b) which extends into said reservoir (11); and an integral, upwardly curving tail portion (20c) which terminates near the top of the reservoir (11). A string of production tubing (23) which may include a downhole pump is positioned within the non-inverted portion (20a) of the wellbore (20). The inverted well (20) increases the production interval within the reservoir (11) and reduces bottom-water coning. Further, a plug (25) can be set in the tail portion (20c) to reduce the production of steam through the wellbore (20). In another embodiment of the present invention, a single inverted well (20) may be used both for injecting steam and producing fluids by extending a string of injection tubing (30) through or adjacent to the production tubing (23) and into the tail portion (20c) of the wellbore (20).
Abstract:
A metallized film structure comprises a first outer skin layer (a) of an olefin co- or terpolymer having an external surface which is sealable and machinable, the first skin layer containing a non-migratory particulate cross-linked hydrocarbyl substituted polysiloxane, and which is located on one side of a core olefinic polymer layer (b), on an opposite side of the core layer there is a second outer skin layer (c) which is an ethylene homopolymer which is free of the particulate cross-linked hydrocarbyl-substituted polysiloxane of the first skin layer, the second skin layer having a metal deposited thereon. In one embodiment, for improved barrier properties, the ratio of particle size to thickness of the (a) skin layer ranges from 1.25 to 2.5.
Abstract:
This invention relates to polyethylene resins which have wide molding latitude in the rotational molding process when produced with a metallocene catalyst.
Abstract:
A method for removing sinusoidal noise without affecting the response of the formation means that the actual formation responses of the logging tools are recovered, and the logs can be used quantitatively. Removal of sinusoidal noise from a log is accomplished in three steps. First, the log is reduced to a zero-mean, stationary series. Second, the wavenumber of the sinusoidal noise is identified by its peak in the Fourier amplitude spectrum (18). And third, the noise is removed by applying a zero-phase notch filter (46). In order to preserve the quantitative data integrity, the low wavenumber trend is kept. Preserving the quantitative data integrity is accomplished by approximating the log with a least-squares cubic spline which retains the overall log character, ignoring the sinusoidal noise. A zero mean stationary series is formed by subtracting the least-squares cubic spline from the data. The remaining steps, Fourier analysis and filtering are performed on the difference series. Recombining the filtered series with the spline restores the log data without the sinusoidal noise.
Abstract:
Petroleum products are refined in an integrated hydroprocessing scheme involving a hydrocracking stage (1) and subsequent dewaxing stage (16). Materials boiling in the middle distillate or lube oil range may be dewaxed. The bottoms streams (12, 34) and optionally other streams from each stage are maintained separately from one another during processing. Dewaxing may occur using either hydroisomerization catalysts or shape-selective catalysts or both in series. One embodiment employs a baffle (14) in the flash zone of a fractionator (13) to separate bottoms streams from each other. Alternatively, the effluent (4) from the hydrocracking stage may be processed separately from the effluent (18) from the dewaxing stage. The bottoms fraction from the dewaxing stage may be recycled back to the hydrocracking stage for futher processing or used as lube base stock.
Abstract:
A process for the conversion or oxidation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in industrial gas streams, particularly regenerator flue gas from a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, using solid catalysts comprising carbonates and bicarbonates of Group IA, Group IIA, and Group IIIB elements, e.g., Na2CO3, NaHCO3, K2CO3, KHCO3, Rb2CO3, CaCO3, SrCO3, and La2(CO3)3 to convert the HCN to compounds, such as N2, NO, NH3, N2O, HNCO, CO, CO2, and H2O.
Abstract translation:使用包含IA,IIA和IIIB族元素的碳酸酯和碳酸氢盐的固体催化剂,在工业气流中转化或氧化氰化氢(HCN)的方法,特别是来自流化催化裂化(FCC)单元的再生器烟道气) ,例如Na 2 CO 3,NaHCO 3,K 2 CO 3,KHCO 3,Rb 2 CO 3,CaCO 3,SrCO 3和La 2(CO 3)3以将HCN转化为化合物,例如N 2,NO,NH 3,N 2 O,HNCO,CO,CO 2和H 2 O.
Abstract:
An improved process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a high proportion of highly branched alkylates for blending into gasolines is disclosed. The catalyst comprises a large pore zeolite such as USY which may be partially or fully exchanged with a cation or cations selected from the rare-earth metals.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for separating and pre-processing vibratory source data includes varying the phase of vibratory sources according to two patterns. A first pattern is used for odd numbered sources while a second pattern is used for even numbered sources. Each pattern begins with a zero phase shift, the zero phase shift occurring at the sweep number corresponding to the position number of the source. The first pattern is one of zero phase shift, ninety degree phase shift, ninety degree phase shift and one hundred eighty degree phase shift. The second pattern is one of zero phase shift, one hundred eighty degree phase shift, ninety degree phase shift and ninety degree phase shift. The patterns are alternated for each source, the beginning of the pattern corresponds to the position of the source in a line. The first source begins with the first pattern. The second source begins with the second pattern, with zero starting at the second sweep. The third source begins with the first pattern, with zero occurring at the third sweep. The fourth source follows the second pattern, with zero being at the fourth sweep.
Abstract:
Vertical, small diameter cyclones (13) which are useful in the third stage separators of FCC units have a vortex containment cylinder (20) aligned with the body of the cyclone. The vortex of solids and some gas passes into the vortex containment cylinder from which solids are withdrawn through an outlet port, usually a vertical slot (23) in a sidewall of the containment cylinder.