Abstract:
The present invention provides a subsea cooler comprising at least one pipe (1) and a housing (4), wherein the pipe have an inlet (2) and an outlet (3) for a fluid to be cooled, and comprises straight sections (5) connected by bend sections (6), and the housing (4) encloses at least a part of the pipe, and comprises an inner surface forming a flow channel (8) extending along and surrounding the pipe, and the flow channel (8) is fluidly connected to an inlet (9) and an outlet (10) for a cooling fluid and a pumping element for driving the cooling fluid through the flow channel (8), wherein at least one sacrificial anode (11) is positioned in the flow channel (8) such that said sacrificial anode is in electrical contact with the pipe (1).
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren beinhaltend als Verfahrensschritte: a) Bereitstellen einer Süßwarenvorläufermasse, wobei die Süßwarenvorläufermasse flüssig ist; b) Bereitstellen eines Trägers, tragend ein Pulver, wobei das Pulver eine Pulverspiegeloberfläche beinhaltet, wobei die Pulverspiegeloberfläche eine Vielzahl von Negativformen beinhaltet; c) Befüllen der Negativformen mit der Süßwarenvorläufermasse; d) Härten der Süßwarenvorläufermasse; wobei das Pulver eine Partikelgrößenverteilung, gekennzeichnet durch ein i) D 10 in einem Bereich von 6 bis 10 μιη, ii) D 50 in einem Bereich von 12 bis 16 μιη, und iii) D 90 in einem Bereich von 21 bis 25 μιη hat. Die Erfindung betrifft ebenfalls eine Süßware, hergestellt nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahren; ein Erzeugnis, beinhaltend ein Mehl; ein Hartbonbon mit einem Durchmesser, der eine streng monoton fallende Funktion ist; eine Verwendung zum Herstellen von Süßwaren; eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Hartbonbons; ein Verfahren in dieser Vorrichtung; und ein Hartbonbon, erhältlich durch dieses Verfahren.
Abstract:
A system (300) includes a drilling mud cooling apparatus (340) that is adapted to receive a flow of a mixture of drilling materials (390h) from a drilled wellbore (301) during a drilling operation, and to cool the mixture (390h) from a first temperature to a second temperature, wherein the cooled mixture of drilling materials (390c) includes cooled drilling mud (310c) and drill cuttings (307). The disclosed system (300) further includes a shale shaker apparatus (306) that is adapted to receive a flow of the cooled mixture of drilling materials (390c) from the drilling mud cooling apparatus (340) and to separate at least a portion of the drill cuttings (307) from the cooled drilling mud (310c).
Abstract:
A plug (1) for plugging wells, and in particular oil and gas wells, is provided. The plug (1) has a plug body formed from an outer metal tube (2) of a reduced thickness. The plug also has reinforcement means(4), attached to an inner surface of the outer tube (2), that give the plug a cross-sectional structural strength that is at least equivalent to that of a thicker metal tube. The plug has a central heater receiving void located along the axis of the plug to enable a plug deployment heater to be received therein. Also provided is a plug assembly (10) with a variable cross-sectional area in a plane perpendicular to the plane in which the assembly is deployed during the plugging of underground conduits.
Abstract:
A steam-impulse pressure generator includes a burnable membrane separating (1) a heat- generating device, which is an hermetic enclosure, the cavity of which is filled with heat- generating blocks, from (2) a steam-kinetic chamber, which is a non-hermetic, open enclosure, with windows (nozzles), evenly distributed over the entire surface, with the minimum dynamic resistance for an exit of the steam-water mixture, while offering as much interference as possible against the melted material exiting into the well. High temperature melt coming from the main body makes direct contact with the borehole fluid causing a hydrodynamic disturbance of high-intensity in the form of series of steam- pressure pulses, which penetrates into the bottom-hole formation zone ("BFZ") and improves the filtration properties of the rock formation not only and not so much by the removal of the wax, paraffin and resin depositions, but rather because of layer microruptures in the BFZ.
Abstract:
A method for heating a production fluid in a wellbore. The method can include heating, using a packer fluid, a working fluid flowing through a first medium (240) disposed in a first section (273) of the wellbore, where the first medium (240) transfers heat from the packer fluid to the working fluid. The method can also include circulating the working fluid into a second section (275) of the wellbore through a second medium (250), where the second medium transfers heat from the working fluid to the production fluid. The method can further include returning the working fluid to the first section (273) of the wellbore through the first medium (240).
Abstract:
A method for simulating downhole conditions is described. The method includes receiving configuration information about a well system in a production configuration, the well system including annular fluids disposed therein and receiving heat source information associated with a heat source disposed within the well system. The method also includes simulating temperature transfer in the well system during a production scenario based at least on the configuration information and the heat source information and predicting pressure buildup in the annular fluids based on the simulated temperature transfer in the well system.
Abstract:
Water, for example produced water, is treated to make it more suitable for use in an oil field recovery process. In the oil filed recovery process, the treated water is pressurized and heated to supercritical conditions in a steam generator, preferably a Once Through Steam Generator (OTSG), to result in a supercritical dense phase fluid, which is then injected into oil bearing formations for the purpose of enhanced oil production. The treatment includes softening and decarbonation. The water is preferably acidified before decarbonation. There may be a step of sulfate removal. Softening may be by ion exchange or membrane separation. Sulfate may be removed by ion exchange.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a subsea system, where the subsea system comprises a separator (1) with an inlet line (2) and an outlet line (3), a compression unit (4) with an inlet line (5) and an outlet line (6) and a heat transfer unit (7), where the outlet line (6) of the compression unit (4) is guided into the heat transfer unit (7), the heat transfer unit (7) being connected to the inlet line (2) of the separator (1). According to the invention the heat transfer unit (7) is used for transferring heat between at least a part of a fluid in the inlet line (2) of the separator (1) and at least a part of a fluid in the outlet line (6) of the compression unit (4).
Abstract:
A system, including: a subsea pressure vessel; and a passive heat transfer apparatus, wherein the passive heat transfer apparatus penetrates a hull or shell of the subsea pressure vessel.