公开(公告)号：WO1997018433A1

公开(公告)日：1997-05-22

申请号：PCT/US1996018329

申请日：1996-11-12

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  SIECZKA, Eric, James ,  TAI, Anthony, Mong-On ,  WARD, Allen, Corlies

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

IPC: F41G01/00

CPC classification number: G03H1/22 ,  F41G1/30 ,  G03H2227/06

Abstract: Detachable hologram assembly (10) for a compact holographic sight includes a hologram of a reticle image mounted within a resilient, detachable frame (16). The frame includes a pair of generally planar, non-parallel registration surfaces and an aperture extending through the frame at the junction of the registration surfaces. A hologram mount (18), also including a pair of registration surfaces which are complimentary to those of the frame is affixed to, or integral with, the sight. A fastener secures the hologram assembly to the mount. The angle of one registration surface relative to the other registration surface of the hologram frame is preferably slightly less than the angle between the registration surfaces of the hologram mount, so that as the frame is secured by the fastener to the mount, the ends of the registration surfaces of the frame are deflected, urging the registration surfaces into secure, registered contact with the mount.

Abstract translation: 用于紧凑型全息瞄准镜的可拆卸全息组件（10）包括安装在弹性可拆卸框架（16）内的掩模版图像的全息图。 该框架包括一对大致平面的非平行配准表面和在配准表面的连接处延伸穿过框架的孔。 还包括与框架相互补充的一对配准表面的全息安装架（18）固定在视线上或与其一体。 紧固件将全息组件固定到支架上。 一个配准表面相对于全息图框架的另一个配准表面的角度优选地略小于全息图安装件的配准表面之间的角度，使得当框架通过紧固件固定到安装件时， 框架的对准表面被偏转，将对准表面推动到安装件的牢固的登记接触中。

公开(公告)号：WO1997043664A1

公开(公告)日：1997-11-20

申请号：PCT/US1997007835

申请日：1997-05-09

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  CARRARA, Walter, G. ,  GOODMAN, Ron, S.

IPC: G01S13/90

CPC classification number: G01S13/90 ,  G01S13/9035

Abstract: A method of performing the computer-intensive initial steps of the range migration algorithm, or RMA, produces radar imagery of higher quality than the current polar format (PF) processing approach, while operating faster and more efficiently than the standard RMA. The new method is advantageous when the synthetic aperture length required to achieve azimuth resolution is significantly larger than the azimuth extent of the processed scene. The method subdivides (508) the signal history into a plurality of non-overlapping subapertures, adds (510) a low bandwidth azimuth chirp across each subaperture and applies a fast Fourier transform (512) separately to each subaperture. The results are coherently combined (514), after which the remaining steps of the conventional RMA may be completed with minor modifications to the subsequent two-dimensional phase compensation. The invention is applicable to spotlight, stripmap and scan-mode SAR image formation, and the separate, subaperture Fourier transformations may be performed simultaneously.

Abstract translation: 执行范围迁移算法或RMA的计算机密集型初始步骤的方法产生比当前极性格式（PF）处理方法更高质量的雷达图像，同时比标准RMA更快更有效地运行。 当实现方位分辨率所需的合成孔径长度明显大于处理场景的方位范围时，新方法是有利的。 该方法将（508）信号历史细分为多个非重叠子孔径，将每个子孔径上的低带宽方位啁啾相加（510），并分别对每个子孔径应用快速傅里叶变换（512）。 结果被相干组合（514），之后可以对随后的二维相位补偿进行微小修改来完成常规RMA的剩余步骤。 本发明适用于聚光灯，带状图和扫描模式SAR图像形成，并且可以同时执行单独的子孔径傅里叶变换。

公开(公告)号：WO1997012257A1

公开(公告)日：1997-04-03

申请号：PCT/US1996015068

申请日：1996-09-19

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  STANKWITZ, Herbert, C. ,  KOSEK, Michael, R.

IPC: G01S13/00

CPC classification number: G01S13/9035

Abstract: In systems wherein signal compression is performed using matched filters or transforms, as in the case of radar, multiple extrapolations are used to resolve beyond the limits of diffraction. In one example (Figure 4), development of the method begins with a complex, uniformly weighted SAR or inverse SAR signal represented by a rectangle function. After performing an FFT (34), adaptive sidelobe reduction is carried out followed by an inverse weighting and truncation, after which the original signal is used to replace the center portion of the extrapolated signal (Figure 7). The signal is again transformed and sidelobe reduced, and inverse weighting and truncation are again performed, followed by the original data replacement step. The extrapolation procedure may be repeated end times, extrapolating each time by a factor K for a total extrapolation factor of K = k .

Abstract translation: 在使用匹配滤波器或变换进行信号压缩的系统中，如在雷达的情况下，使用多个外插来超越衍射极限。 在一个示例（图4）中，该方法的开发始于由矩形函数表示的复杂均匀加权的SAR或反SAR信号。 在执行FFT（34）之后，执行自适应旁瓣减少，随后进行逆加权和截断，之后使用原始信号来代替外推信号的中心部分（图7）。 该信号被再次变换并且旁瓣减少，并且再次执行反加权和截断，随后是原始数据替换步骤。 外推程序可以是重复的结束时间，对于K = k 的总外推因子，每次外推一个因子K。

公开(公告)号：WO1993023822A1

公开(公告)日：1993-11-25

申请号：PCT/US1993004364

申请日：1993-05-13

Applicant: THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, as represented by ... ,  ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  ALKON, Daniel, L. ,  VOGL, Thomas, P. ,  BLACKWELL, Kim, T. ,  BARBOUR, Garth, S.

Inventor： THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, as represented by ... ,  ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

IPC: G06F15/80

CPC classification number: G06N3/04

Abstract: A dynamically stable associative learning neural network system includes, in its basic architectural unit, at least one each of a conditioned signal input, an unconditioned signal input and an output. Interposed between input and output elements are "patches", or storage areas of dynamic interaction between conditioned and unconditioned signals which process information to achieve associative learning locally under rules designed for application-related goals of the system. Patches may be fixed or variable in size. Adjustments to a patch radius may be by "pruning" or "budding". The neural network is taught by successive application of training sets of input signals to the input terminals until a dynamic equilibrium is reached. Enhancements and expansions of the basic unit result in multilayered (multi-subnetworked) systems having increased capabilities for complex pattern classification and feature recognition.

Abstract translation: 动态稳定的关联学习神经网络系统在其基本架构单元中包括调节信号输入，无条件信号输入和输出中的至少一个。 在输入和输出元件之间插入“补丁”或在条件和非条件信号之间的动态交互的存储区域，它们处理信息，以便根据为系统的应用相关目标设计的规则在本地实现关联学习。 补丁可能是固定的或可变的大小。 补丁半径的调整可能是“修剪”或“发芽”。 通过将输入信号的训练集合连续应用到输入端子来教导神经网络，直到达到动态平衡。 基本单元的增强和扩展导致具有增加的复杂图案分类和特征识别能力的多层（多子网络）系统。

公开(公告)号：WO1993006500A2

公开(公告)日：1993-04-01

申请号：PCT/US1992007500

申请日：1992-09-03

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  BROWN, William, M.

IPC: G01S0

CPC classification number: G01S13/9023 ,  G01S13/87

Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar data is used in conjunction with altimeter data (a) to produce a terrain map corrected for platform roll angle. The technique uses two synthetic radar antennas (21, 22) and a ranging altimeter (23) placed on an aircraft. The aircraft is moved in a set of substantially parallel flight paths where each flight is directly over the strip of terrain viewed by the synthetic aperture radar of an adjacent flight. During each flight the at least one antenna repeatedly transmits radar signals whose return echoes are received by both the first and second antennas. Conventional synthetic aperture radar processing yields a terrain map uncorrected for roll angle. The uncorrected terrain map data from one flight are compared with the altimeter data taken during an adjacent flight. The roll angle measure is then used to correct the height and ground range of nearby points in the uncorrected terrain map.

公开(公告)号：WO1992011558A1

公开(公告)日：1992-07-09

申请号：PCT/US1990007603

申请日：1990-12-21

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  MARRON, Joseph, C.

IPC: G02C07/04

CPC classification number: G02C7/12 ,  G02C7/042 ,  G02C7/06

Abstract: A dual focal length ophthalmic lens (10) is formed from a birefringent material with its fast (A-B) and slow (A-C) axes perpendicular to the user's visual axis (A-O). The dual focal property arises due to the differing indices of refraction of the fast (A-B) and slow (A-C) axes. Light emanating from far objects (F) having one polarization and light emanating from near objects (N) having the opposite polarization are both focused onto the user's retina (24). Depending upon which object is being viewed, an in-focus and a blurred image appear simultaneously on the user's retina. The ability of the user's eye/brain system to distinguish between the two images provides bifocal action from a single lens. The invention may take the form of a spectacle (10), contact (26), or intraocular implant lens (32).

Abstract translation: 双焦距眼镜（10）由双折射材料形成，其快速（A-B）和慢（A-C）轴垂直于用户的视轴（A-O）。 由于快速（A-B）和慢（A-C）轴的折射率不同，产生双焦点特性。 从具有一个极化的远物体（F）发出的光和从具有相反极化的近物体（N）发出的光都被聚焦到用户的视网膜（24）上。 根据正在查看的对象，用户的视网膜上同时出现对焦和模糊图像。 用户的眼/脑系统区分两个图像的能力提供了来自单个透镜的双重作用。 本发明可以采取眼镜（10），接触（26）或眼内植入物透镜（32）的形式。

公开(公告)号：WO1995031740A1

公开(公告)日：1995-11-23

申请号：PCT/US1995006305

申请日：1995-05-17

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  TAI, Anthony, M. ,  UPATNIEKS, Juris ,  SIECZKA, Eric, J.

IPC: G02B05/32

CPC classification number: F41G1/30 ,  G03H1/2202 ,  G03H1/2249 ,  G03H1/2286 ,  G03H2001/2255 ,  G03H2222/46

Abstract: A holographic sight (20) which includes a base (24) having at least one connector (25) for mounting the base (24) on a small arm (22), and a hologram (30) of a reticle pattern, a compact laser light source (32) for illuminating the hologram (30), and a power source (38) for the laser diode (32), each mounted on the base (24). The sight (20) also includes an achromatizer (36) supported in the path of the light beam for reducing shifts in the position of the reticle pattern due to variations in the wavelength of the light beam emitted from the laser diode (32). The sight (20) may further include means for circularizing the elliptical beam emitted from the laser diode (32) to provide a uniform illumination pattern for the hologram (30). A brightness adjuster (44) and position adjuster (40), for varying the brightness and relative position of the reticle, respectively, may also be provided.

Abstract translation: 一种全息瞄准器（20），其包括具有至少一个用于将基座（24）安装在小臂（22）上的至少一个连接器（25）的底座（24）和标线图案的全息图（30），紧凑型激光 用于照射全息图（30）的光源（32）和用于激光二极管（32）的电源（38），每个安装在基座（24）上。 视线（20）还包括支撑在光束路径中的消色器（36），用于减少由于从激光二极管（32）发射的光束的波长的变化而导致的标线图案的位置偏移。 视线（20）还可以包括用于使从激光二极管（32）发射的椭圆形光束圆化以提供全息图（30）的均匀照明图案的装置。 还可以提供用于分别改变掩模版的亮度和相对位置的亮度调节器（44）和位置调节器（40）。

公开(公告)号：WO1997026602A1

公开(公告)日：1997-07-24

申请号：PCT/US1997000520

申请日：1997-01-14

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  VOGT, Robert, C.

IPC: G06F15/00

CPC classification number: G06K9/00127

Abstract: The extraction and pre-cueing of axon fibers and clusters is performed on transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image mosaics to reduce neuroanatomist workload. Given a multiplicity of myeling-sheathed axon fibers in a cross-sectional image containing many such fibers, the inventive method uses these grey-level operators to effectively identify co-occurrences of the axon fibers and their myelin sheaths and output a result representative of these co-occurences. The co-occurrences may then be sorted in terms of their geometry to identify groups of fibers indicative of axon clusters. Specifically, a grey-level opening and conditional dilation is performed on the image to obtain a first residue representative of potential axons. A grey-level closing and conditional erosion of the first opening image is then performed to obtain a second residue representative of potential axon fibers, including their respective myelin sheaths. The first residue may then be used as a marker to conditionally dilate over the second residue to identify the co-occurrences. The method of the invention significantly reduces the workload of the reviewers by identifying rougly 95 percent of the axons, with only a one to two percent false alarm rate, based on a reasonable computation time of about one hour per sample on a fast workstation.

Abstract translation: 在透射电子显微镜（TEM）图像马赛克中进行轴突纤维和簇的提取和预提示，以减少神经解剖学家的工作量。 给定在包含许多这样的纤维的横截面图像中的多个髓鞘护套的轴突纤维，本发明的方法使用这些灰度级操作符来有效地识别轴突纤维及其髓鞘的共同出现，并输出代表这些纤维的结果 共同出现次数。 然后可以根据它们的几何结构对共同出现进行分类，以鉴定指示轴突簇的纤维组。 具体地，对图像进行灰度开放和条件扩张以获得表示潜在轴突的第一残基。 然后执行第一开放图像的灰度闭合和有条件的侵蚀，以获得代表潜在轴突纤维的第二残基，包括它们各自的髓鞘。 然后可以将第一残余物用作标记物以在第二残基上有条件地扩张以鉴定共同发生。 基于在快速工作站上每个样本的合理计算时间约1小时，本发明的方法通过以95％的轴突识别出只有一到两个百分点的误报率，从而显着降低了审稿人的工作量。

公开(公告)号：WO1996025764A1

公开(公告)日：1996-08-22

申请号：PCT/US1996001902

申请日：1996-02-14

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  PAXMAN, Richard, G. ,  MARRON, Joseph, C.

IPC: H01L27/00

CPC classification number: G01B11/24

Abstract: A system and method for creating a three-dimensional image (24) of an opaque object (12) utilize frequency diverse coherent illumination (10) in combination with an opacity constraint in performing three-dimensional phase retrieval and/or profile retrieval. An opaque object (12) is one which exhibits only surface scattering and no volume scattering over volumes that extend beyond the desired range resolution. The system and method require only fourier intensity information to create a three-dimensional image (24) which avoids the difficulties associated with prior art systems and methods requiring phase information ot produce similar images. Furthermore, the system and method of the present invention do not require imaging optics, precise alignment of optical components, or precise phase stability of the coherent illumination source.

Abstract translation: 用于创建不透明对象（12）的三维图像（24）的系统和方法在执行三维相位检索和/或轮廓检索时与不透明度约束相结合使用频率不同相干照明（10）。 不透明物体（12）是仅在表面散射且在超过所需范围分辨率的体积上没有体积散射的物体。 该系统和方法仅需要四分之一的强度信息来产生三维图像（24），这避免了与现有技术系统相关的困难和需要生成相似图像的相位信息的方法。 此外，本发明的系统和方法不需要成像光学元件，光学元件的精确对准或相干照明源的精确相位稳定性。

公开(公告)号：WO1992008203A1

公开(公告)日：1992-05-14

申请号：PCT/US1991003624

申请日：1991-05-23

Applicant: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN

Inventor： ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MICHIGAN ,  McCUBBREY, David, L.

IPC: G06K09/36

CPC classification number: B07C3/14 ,  G06K9/32 ,  G06K2209/01 ,  Y10S209/90

Abstract: A computer system and a method for a mail sorting operation in which the computer system determines the location of the ZIP code within a digital image of an address block (20) from a piece of mail. An interstroke distance is calculated for the image and the strokes of the image are thinned (38) to enhance vertical separation between the lines of the address block. A medial axis for each line is determined and the medial axis is superimposed upon the digital image. A bleeding operation is conducted on the digital image from the medial axis at which data bits that do not connect to the medial axis are notated as punctuation and interlinear connected strokes are then divided between the two lines. The last line which is determined to be large enough to contain a ZIP code based on bounding box size is then selected. Alternate splits of words are formed and the best split is selected (50) in which the last formed group is detected to be the ZIP code.