摘要:
Method and apparatus for deriving an alkalinity measurement, including: introducing a fluid sample; measuring, a phosphate amount of the fluid sample using a colorimetric reagent; measuring a pH of the fluid sample, wherein the pH of the fluid sample correlates to a hydroxide amount of the fluid sample; introducing an acid to convert all the inorganic carbon to carbon dioxide; applying a positive potential to the SP3 substituted carbon electrode; introducing, prior to or substantially simultaneously during the application of the positive potential to the SP3 substituted carbon electrode and in the reaction chamber, at least one acid reagent comprising a metallic catalyst that converts the carbonate and the partially oxidized species to carbon dioxide; determining total organic carbon by detecting an amount of carbon dioxide produced by the oxidation; determining the total organic carbon from the oxidation of the organic carbon species, and determining a derived alkalinity based upon the phosphate amount, the hydroxide amount, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated from the inorganic carbon.
摘要:
An embodiment provides a method of forecasting water quality deterioration in a water distribution system, including: receiving, at an electronic device, a data set comprising measured values of a plurality of components within the water distribution system; determining, based upon algorithmic analysis of the measured values, a water quality index; and providing, based on the determined water quality index, a recommendation to mitigate water quality deterioration in the water distribution system. Other aspects are described and claimed.
摘要:
An embodiment provides a method for measuring an alkalinity of an aqueous sample, including: introducing an aqueous sample to a voltammetric pH electrode; holding the potential of a voltammetric pH electrode at a pH end point potential; applying a voltage step waveform comprising at least one potential pulse to the voltammetric pH electrode; titrating the aqueous sample; and measuring a current output resulting from the voltage step waveform, wherein the measuring comprises square wave amperometry. Other aspects are described and claimed.
摘要:
A method, system, and computer readable storage medium for determining an optimal amount of coagulant to be added to water for coagulation treatment. The method includes predicting a water quality index that would be achieved for a corresponding nominal coagulant dose by evaluating at least one coagulation-related incoming water parameter of water that has not been treated with coagulant, with a first mathematical model constructed from historical data including (i) previously administered coagulant dosages; and (ii) previously determined values of the water quality index of the water. The method also includes determining whether the predicted water quality index is within a target range. If the predicted quality index is not within the target range, then the coagulant dosage can be adjusted, and the adjusted dosage can be evaluated to predict the water quality index that would be achieved if the adjusted coagulant dosage is administered to the water.
摘要:
An embodiment provides a method for measuring nitrate in an aqueous sample, including: introducing an aqueous sample containing an amount of nitrate to a cation exchange resin; flowing the aqueous sample over copper metal; adding a reducing reagent to the aqueous sample; adding a colorimetric indicator to the aqueous sample; and measuring the amount of nitrate in the aqueous sample by measuring a change in intensity of the absorbance. Other aspects are described and claimed.
摘要:
An embodiment provides a method for measuring total chlorine in a seawater sample, including: preparing a thiocarbamate-based indicator; introducing the thiocarbamate-based indicator to a seawater sample, wherein the seawater sample contains an amount of total chlorine; adding an additive to the seawater sample, wherein the additive accelerates the reaction rate between the thiocarbamate-based indicator and total chlorine and causes a change in fluorescence of the seawater sample; and measuring the amount of total chlorine in the seawater sample by measuring an intensity of the fluorescence. Other aspects are described and claimed.
摘要:
An embodiment provides a method for measuring free chlorine in a solution, including: preparing a thiocarbamate-based indicator; introducing the thiocarbamate-based indicator to a solution, wherein the solution contains an amount of free chlorine and the introducing causes a change in fluorescence of the solution; and measuring the amount of free chlorine in the solution by measuring a change in intensity of the fluorescence. Other aspects are described and claimed.
摘要:
An embodiment provides a method for measuring a concentration of lead(O) in an aqueous sample, including: introducing an aqueous sample to a reaction vessel; adding a copper(II) acetate material to the aqueous sample in the reaction vessel; chelating unreacted copper(II) material by introduction of an organosulfur compound to the aqueous sample in the reaction vessel; adding a colorimetric indicator to the aqueous sample in the reaction vessel; and measuring a concentration of lead(II) in the aqueous sample by measuring a colorimetric change of the aqueous sample caused by a reaction of lead(II) within the aqueous sample with the colorimetric indicator. Other aspects are described and claimed.
摘要:
A method tor measuring aqueous manganese concentration includes adding a metal- ligand chelate including a chelating ligand and a metal coordinated with the chelating ligand to an aqueous sample wherein the metal of the metal-ligand chelate is other than Mn, such that the metal is preferentially displaced by MR from the aqueous sample under the conditions of reaction, and measuring the displaced metal
摘要:
A method for determination of an unknown analyte using quantitative electrochemical generation of a detectable species, which provides specified quantities of the species, is described. As an example, free chlorine concentration measurements may be performed using N,N- Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD), or N,N-bis(2,4-di- sulfobenzyl)toluidinetetrasodium salt (SBT), for obtaining an in-situ calibration curve, whereby matrix effects are eliminated.