Abstract:
Multi-level encoded data transfer is disclosed. 2" bits may be encoded in a data signal each half clock cycle. For example, four bits may be transferred each clock cycle. Prior to data transfer, each data line may have two bits ready to be encoded. The two bits may be encoded to one of four different data states. The clock may be divided into four intervals for each half clock cycle, with each interval corresponding to one of the four data states. The two bits may be encoded into the data signal based on the interval that corresponds to the data state. As one example, the data signal could transition during the interval that corresponds to the data state for the two bits. This encoding may be repeated for two other bits for the other half of the clock cycle. Thus, QDR or some other data rate may be achieved.
Abstract:
Timing measurement is performed by a digital oscillator, using a calibration value which is calculated after chip fabrication is completed, and automatically loaded into selection logic at powerup.
Abstract:
Integrated circuits where the standard isolation cell, at power island boundaries, also includes a protection device, which clamps transient voltages.
Abstract:
Integrated circuits where the standard isolation cell, at power island boundaries, also includes a protection device, which clamps transient voltages.