Abstract:
Method for determining the sterilization performance of a product/container combination, in which, in a first step, a first closed vessel with a first volume, which first vessel (1) is at least partially filled with a first quantity of the product (12), passes through a sterilization process, and in which at least a second vessel is filled with the same quantity of product and is then closed, the second volume enclosed by the second vessel being equal to the first volume, after which the second volume is changed by a selected value and the second vessel, in a second step passes through the sterilization process, and, during the first and the at least second step, the pressure in the vessel is measured while it is passing through the sterilization process, and, from the known volumes of the vessels and the measured pressure, the pressure-volume relationship is determined for the quantity of product in the vessels for one or more phases from the sterilization process, and the determined pressure-volume relationship or pressure-volume relationships is/are combined with the properties of the container to give the sterilization performance of the product/container combination.
Abstract:
The invention pertains to a graphene ribbon fiber manufacturing process wherein a coagulation medium flows in the same direction as the graphene ribbon fibers. The process for spinning graphene ribbon fibers starts with unzipping carbon nanotubes to form graphene ribbons, purifying and drying the graphene ribbons and subsequent dissolving of the graphene ribbons in a suitable solvent, preferably a super acid to form a spin-dope. The spin-dope is spun such that the accrued fibers are guided into a coagulation medium, also known as anti-solvent, where the spun or accrued fibers are coagulated. The coagulated graphene ribbon fibers are stripped, neutralized and washed and wound on bobbins.
Abstract:
Process for producing a shell which extends about a longitudinal axis, as a component for a gastight packaging, for example a food can, which shell, in the vicinity of an end, as seen in cross section, has a first contour which comprises N (N >/= 3) inwardly concave rim contour sections, between which there are N substantially straight rim contour sections, and which shell, for the area between the ends, as seen in cross section, has a second contour which comprises N straight shell contour sections, which correspond to the straight rim contour sections and, as seen in the peripheral direction, adjoin a neighbouring straight shell contour section via, in succession, an inwardly concave shell contour section, a corner panel contour section and an inwardly concave shell contour section. The process is characterized by the conditions which the applied stretching and the ratio of the applied stretching in the first and second contours have to satisfy in order to produce a shell from material which is as thin as possible without the material fracturing or, in particular in the transition zone from the rounded cross section to the flattened, rounded cross section, without the material wrinkling, becoming dented or being pulled convex or concave in some other way. The present invention also relates to the production of a necked metal packaging container, characterized in that the neck shape is imparted to a starting shell before the N-cornered shape is imparted. The invention also provides an expansion tool which is suitable for carrying out the process.
Abstract:
A thin metal pressure-resistant can comprising a can body having a deep-drawn and wall-ironed cylindrical side wall, the can body comprising an outwardly convexed bottom integrally with said body and an inwardly projecting dome.