Abstract:
This invention relates to a method for producing a metallic coating layer comprising nickel and molybdenum on an electrically conductive substrate by electrodeposition from an aqueous solution comprising nickel salts, gluconate anions and citrate anions wherein the substrate acts as the cathode and wherein molybdate is added and wherein the pH of the aqueous solution is adjusted between 5.0 and 8.5. The invention also relates to an electrically conductive substrate provided with such a metallic coating layer electrodeposited from said aqueous solution.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of preparing a reducing agent having an elevated temperature for use in an metal making process, comprising a) a pyrolysing step of heating a carbonaceous starting material using a heat source wherein the starting material is pyrolysed to a degree of pyrolysis of at most 80% into a partially charred carbonaceous product having an elevated temperature and producing a pyrolysis off-gas comprising volatile substances from the carbonaceous starting material, b) a combustion step of combusting the pyrolysis off-gas, thereby producing a combusted off-gas, wherein the thermal energy of the combusted off-gas is used as the heat source in step a) by bringing the combusted off-gas into direct contact with the carbonaceous starting material and/or wherein the thermal energy of the combusted off-gas is used as the heat source in step a) by heating the carbonaceous starting material without directly contacting the carbonaceous starting material. The invention also relates to a preferred device for performing the method according to the invention, a metal making process, such as an iron making process, making use of the reducing agent preparation process and apparatus for carrying out this process.
Abstract:
Process for the electrolysis of A12S3, using a bath of molten salt, preferably a bath of molten chloride salt, in which A12S3 is dissolved characterised in that measures are taken to improve the electrical conductivity of the bath, so as to enable an increase in the current density in the bath.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for forming a separator plate for a fuel cell, which separator plate has a number of projecting sections. According to the invention, the projecting sections in the separator plate are formed by a metal plate being pressed onto a die having a number of recessed sections with the aid of a pressurized fluid or by the die being pressed onto the metal plate supported by pressurized fluid, the recessed sections in the die corresponding to the projecting sections which are to be formed in the metal plate, in order to obtain the separator plate having the projecting sections. The invention also relates to a separator plate produced using the method.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for fractional crystallisation of an at most partially solidified molten metal, in which a layer of at most partially solidified molten metal having an upper surface und a lower surface is divided into a series of compartments communicating with each other, in which the metal is stirred in at least some of the compartments, und in which crystals formed und/or existing in the layer of metal are selectively transported in a predetermined direction und molten metal is selectively transported in the opposite direction.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device for processing a metal slab, plate or strip, comprising a rolling mill stand with a roll nip between two driveable rolls, the rolling mill stand being designed to roll a metal slab, plate or strip between the rolls. According to a first aspect of the invention, the device is provided with feed means which are designed to guide the slab, plate or strip between the rolls at an angle of between 5° and 45° with respect to the perpendicular to the plane through the center axes of the rolls. According to a second aspect of the invention, the device is provided with one or more following rolling mill stands with driveable rolls, and the rolling mill stand and one or more following rolling mil stands are designed in such a manner that, during use, their rolls have different peripheral velocities, the difference in peripheral velocity amounting to at least 5% and at most 100%.
Abstract:
Method for determining the sterilization performance of a product/container combination, in which, in a first step, a first closed vessel with a first volume, which first vessel (1) is at least partially filled with a first quantity of the product (12), passes through a sterilization process, and in which at least a second vessel is filled with the same quantity of product and is then closed, the second volume enclosed by the second vessel being equal to the first volume, after which the second volume is changed by a selected value and the second vessel, in a second step passes through the sterilization process, and, during the first and the at least second step, the pressure in the vessel is measured while it is passing through the sterilization process, and, from the known volumes of the vessels and the measured pressure, the pressure-volume relationship is determined for the quantity of product in the vessels for one or more phases from the sterilization process, and the determined pressure-volume relationship or pressure-volume relationships is/are combined with the properties of the container to give the sterilization performance of the product/container combination.
Abstract:
This invention relates to process of direct low-temperature growth of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibres on a strip substrate and a substrate provided therewith.
Abstract:
Method of processing a strip following a strip path by heating or cooling wherein the strip is brought into contact with a roller wherein the roller comprises a heat pipe, wherein the roller simultaneously heats a first strip and cools a second strip, characterised in that the dimensions of the roller and the lay-out of the strip paths are chosen such that the footprint of the first strip on the roller and the footprint of the second strip on the roller do not overlap.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for reducing metalliferous material to a reduction product. The invention also relates to an apparatus for reducing metalliferous material to a reduction product.