Abstract:
A process is disclosed for converting a polysaccharide-containing biomass material to platform chemicals. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in an inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to dehvatized (di) anhydro sugars that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. The dehvatized (di) anhydro sugars are useful as fuel additives and fuel substitutes.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided for reducing emissions of particulates from diesel engines. Exhaust is passed through a diesel particular filter having at least two stages comprised of (a) a catalyst section having a platinum group metal catalyst on contact surfaces within the catalyst section and (b) a filter section comprised of passages effective to remove particulates from a moving stream of combustion gases generated by combusting the fuel in the engine and holding them therein to permit their oxidation. Carbon removal is enhanced by utilizing levels of platinum group metal composition, cerium compositions, fuels and/or optional chemical enhancers to generate NO 2 in the catalyst section in amounts sufficient to form cerium nitrates in the filter section. The cerium oxide is associated with and maintains dispersion of the platinum in the filter section, and the cerium nitrates are available at the surface and within the soot particles to provide enhanced soot oxidation at a lower balance point.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for conversion of cellulose in an Ionic Liquid medium. The process is characterized in that a cellulose-containing feedstock and an Ionic Liquid are mixed at a temperature below 80 °C. The mixture is heated to a conversion temperature in the range of 80 °C to 220 °C under a hydrogen atmosphere. The presence of hydrogen during the heating step significantly reduces the formation of degradation products.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for converting polysaccharide-containing biomass material to platform chemicals. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in an inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to platform chemicals that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. The process comprises a dehydration step in which sugar alcohols are converted to the corresponding (di) anhydro sugars. The dehydration step is carried out in the substantial absence of transition metal salts.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided for reducing emissions of particulates from diesel engines. Exhaust is passed through a diesel particular filter having at least two stages comprised of (a) a catalyst section having a platinum group metal catalyst on contact surfaces within the catalyst section and (b) a filter section comprised of passages effective to remove particulates from a moving stream of combustion gases generated by combusting the fuel in the engine and holding them therein to permit their oxidation. Carbon removal is enhanced by utilizing levels of platinum group metal composition, cerium compositions, fuels and/or optional chemical enhancers to generate NO 2 in the catalyst section in amounts sufficient to form cerium nitrates in the filter section. The cerium oxide is associated with and maintains dispersion of the platinum in the filter section, and the cerium nitrates are available at the surface and within the soot particles to provide enhanced soot oxidation at a lower balance point.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for converting a polysaccharide-containing biomass material to platform chemicals. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in an inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to dehvatized (di) anhydro sugars that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. The dehvatized (di) anhydro sugars are useful as fuel additives and fuel substitutes.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for removing ethylene, and possibly SO 2 and NO x , from a flue gas mixture containing inter alia CO 2 , O 2 , SO 2 , NO x and ethylene, wherein in a first step SO 2 is removed from the flue gas mixture through adsorption; then, in a second step NO x is removed through adsorption; and after this, in a third step ethylene is removed through catalytic oxidation, and to an apparatus suitable therefor.
Abstract:
Gas-phase process for the preparation of propylene oxide comprising contacting propylene with oxygen and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a bimetallic compound supported on a titanium containing support, the bimetallic compound comprising gold and a metal M selected from the group consisting of platinum, tin, and rhodium. The invention also provides for the catalyst.
Abstract:
Gas−phase process for the preparation of propylene oxide comprising contacting propylene with oxygen and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a bimetallic compound supported on a titanium containing support, the bimetallic compound comprising gold and a metal M selected from the group consisting of platinum, tin, and rhodium. The invention also provides for the catalyst.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for converting polysaccharide-containing biomass material to platform chemicals. The biomass material preferably is sugar cane or sugar beet material. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in a inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to platform chemicals that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. The step of converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides is conducted in the substantial absence of mineral acid.