Abstract:
A method for collecting and preserving semen of various animals including humans, canines, porcines, bovines, ovines and others involves collecting the semen into a collection vessel where the collection vessel is provided with an extender solution for the semen prior to its collection. Moreover, the extender is preferably maintained at a temperature close to normal body temperature of the species being collected over the time period of its collection. The extender is chosen to buffer the pH of the semen sample and to be isotonic with the semen. The volume of the extender in the collection vessel is preferably chosen such that the semen volume is initially diluted with twice its volume extender solution and some period thereafter the extended semen sample is diluted again at the same ratio. Collection into warmed extender media lessened the cold and pH shock to the spermatozoa, as shown by improved semen parameters. The extender solution is preferably rich in calcium ion. A collection vessel resembling an inverted Y is used for collecting distinct semen samples for comparative study.
Abstract:
Dosage forms are identified based on a comparison of surface roughness parameters. One or more of the following surface roughness parameters are measured: 1) mean peak to valley height (Rz);2) geometric average height from a mean line (Rq);3) maximum profile peak height (Rp);4) roughness depth (Rt);5) and arithmetic mean roughness (Ra). The surface roughness parameters of a first dosage form are determined and compared to the surface roughness parameters of a second dosage form. This method provides a way of "fingerprinting" dosage forms to help identify adulterated and misbranded drugs. In addition, a variety of characteristics relating to composition and process for making the dosage form may be determined by the quantitative method.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel methods of using blood substitutes to treat acute blood loss and novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising blood substitutes. Blood substitutes useful for the methods of the present invention can (1) induce expression of erythropoietin as tested in a cell culture under normoxic conditions, and/or (2) induce erythropoiesis under normoxic conditions as measured by (a) a decrease in the doubling time of the subject's hematocrit or hemoglobin, and/or (b) an increase in the subject's circulating erythropoietin level. Blood substitutes useful for the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can (1) stabilize HIF-I alpha expression, and/or (2) down regulate NF-kappa B. Preferably, the blood substitutes are cross-linked hemoglobin blood substitutes, or more preferably, cross-linked hemoglobins that comprise a hemoglobin that is cross-linked intramolecularly with periodate-oxidized ATP5 cross-linked intermolecularly with periodate-oxidized adenosine, and conugated with reduced glutathione.