Abstract:
A piezoelectric element includes a substrate (11), on which an adhesion layer (12) is provided. On this adhesion layer (12), there is provided a first electrode layer (14) made of a noble metal containing titanium or titanium oxide. On this first electrode layer (14), there is provided an orientation control layer (15) orientated by priority on the plane (100) or plane (001). The orientation control layer (15) has such a surface and its vicinity on the first electrode (14) side that a region of the plane (100) or the plane (001) orientation exists on the titanium or titanium oxide located on the surface of the orientation control layer (15) side of the first electrode layer (14) and the aforementioned region has an area on the cross section vertical to the layer thickness direction becoming greater from the first electrode layer (14) side toward the opposite side. On this orientation control layer (15), there is provided a piezoelectric layer (16) orientated on the (001) plane by priority.