Abstract:
The present invention relates to a wireless communication system for downlink transmitting, through a plurality of orthogonal carriers and according to a non-orthogonal multiple access transmission scheme in a single-input single-output configuration, a plurality of messages towards, respectively, a plurality of users. At the transmitter side, a power allocation strategy subjected to a total power budget constraint is implemented to meet a prescribed fairness constraint. The interference caused to each other by the users served at identical resources is efficiently mitigated through an intra-carrier lattice-based non-linear precoding process operating sequentially and taking account of the power allocation strategy, the users' ordering and the channel state information of each channel linking the respective carrier to each user. At the receiver side, the plurality of messages is respectively recovered by each user thanks to a respective simple single-user decoder, which decodes only its intended signal without requiring any successive interference cancellation procedure.
Abstract:
Various embodiments relate to neural networks. Neurons may be configured with binary weights associated with respective binary inputs. A Boolean function may be evaluated for the binary weights and respective binary inputs. A pre-activation may be determined based on a sum of binary outputs of the Boolean function. A binary output of a neuron may be determined based on a threshold for the pre-activation. Training a neural network may comprise receiving binary backpropagation signal(s) from a downstream layer. The binary backpropagation signal(s) may indicate a tendency of a loss function with respect to variation of the binary output. A tendency of the Boolean function with respect to inversion of an ith binary weight may be determined. Training may comprise determining whether to invert the ith binary weight based on the tendency of the Boolean function and the tendency of the loss function. Devices, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.
Abstract:
A computing device comprising or configured to implement a neural network for operating on a received input by executing a learned process on said input to produce an output, the neural network being implemented by a main module configured for both training the neural network and inference of a machine learning model. The main module comprising a projection module and a coding module. The projection module is configured to project an input vector from an initial vector space into a codeword space based on a machine learning model stored for the projection module. The coding module is configured to evaluate the machine learning model stored for the projection module and form evaluation data representing the result of that evaluation. The projection module is also configured to adapt the machine learning model stored for the projection module in dependence on the evaluation data.
Abstract:
Encoder (400) for encoding K information bits into a code word of length N´ on the basis of a polar code of length N, wherein N is a power of 2 and greater than or equal to N´. The encoder (400) comprises a memory (403) storing a plurality of bit indices, wherein the plurality of bit indices comprise a set of N frozen bit indices associated with the polar code of length N, a set of N/2 puncturing bit indices and/or a set of N/2 shortening bit indices and a processor (401) configured to retrieve at least a subset of the plurality of bit indices from the memory (403), to encode the K information bits using the polar code of length N for obtaining encoded data of length N and to reduce the number of bits of the encoded data to the length N´ for obtaining the code word of length N´.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a channel encoder (400) configured to encode an information word u of length K -J bits with K > J > 0 into a code word x of length N bits with N - K = M > 0 , wherein the code word x contains the information word u and M + J parity bits p and wherein the channel encoder (400) is configured to implement a probabilistic shaping scheme for the M + J parity bits p such that the code word x = [u, p] is a code word of a linear code C and the M + J parity bits p fulfil a first shaping constraint.
Abstract:
A number K of N sub-channels that are defined by a code and that have associated reliabilities for input bits at N input bit positions, are to be selected to carry bits that are to be encoded. A localization area that includes multiple sub-channels and is located below fewer than K of the N sub-channels in a partial order of the N sub-channels is determined based on one or more coding parameters. The fewer than K sub-channels of the N sub-channels above the localization area in the partial order are selected, and a number of sub-channels from those in the localization area are also selected. The selected fewer than K sub-channels and the number of sub-channels selected from those in the localization area together include K sub-channels to carry the bits that are to be encoded.
Abstract:
A communication device (40) comprises a code constructor (41) and a channel encoder (42). The channel encoder (42) is configures to encode a number of input symbols u to a number of output symbols x using a polar code of a code length N with a transformation matrix GN. The code constructor (41) is configured to compose the transformation matrix GN from at least two different polar code Kernels.
Abstract:
Various embodiments relate to transfer learning associated with neural networks. A semantic analysis of a source neural network may be performed, and logical behaviour data of the source neural network may be extracted based on the semantic analysis. The logical behaviour data may then be transmitted to a target neural network. The logical behaviour data may be used in pre-training the target neural network. Devices, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a network entity (120) for a cellular communication network (100).The cellular communication network (100) comprises a radio base station (101), a millimeter wave base station (101) and a mobile terminal (111) configured to communicate with the radio base station (101) via a radio communication channel and to communicate with the millimeter wave base station (101) using a millimeter beam defining a beam direction of a plurality of beam directions (111a-d). The network entity (120) comprises: a communication interface (123) configured to collect information about the state of the radio communication channel and information about the beam direction for a plurality of different positions of the mobile terminal (111) and/or for a plurality of different points in time; and a processor (121) implementing a neural network. The neural network is configured to: in a training phase, determine a correlation between the information about the state of the radio communication channel and the information about the beam direction for the plurality of different positions of the mobile terminal (111) and/or for the plurality of different points in time; and in an exploitation phase, predict one or more target beam directions on the basis of the correlation and information about a current state of the radio communication channel.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a device (102b, 104b) for generating a polar code ϰ N of length N and dimension K on the basis of a transformation matrix G N of size N x N , wherein the transformation matrix G N is based on a first matrix G N r of size N r x N r , and on a second matrix G Nd of size N d x N d , wherein N = N r ⋅ N d , and wherein the polar code ϰ N is given by ϰ N = υ N ⋅ G N , wherein υ N = (υ 0 ,..., υ N -1 )is a vector of size N , υ i , i = 0,... N −1, corresponding to an information bit if i ε I , I being a set of K information bit indices, and υ i = 0, if i ε F , F being a set of N − K frozen bit indices. The device (102b, 104b) comprises a processor (102c, 104c) configured to generate a reliability vector v GNr = [v 1 ,... v Nr ], wherein v i represents a reliability of an i -th input bit of a code generated by the first matrix G Nr , generate a distance spectrum vector d GNd = [d 1 ,..., d Nd ] of a code generated by the second matrix G Nd , wherein d j represents a minimum distance of the code generated by the second matrix G Nd of dimension j , determine the set of K information bit indices I on the basis of the reliability vector v GNr and of the distance spectrum vector d GN , and generate the polar code c N on the basis of the set of K information bit indices I .