Abstract:
An injection apparatus for making an injection at a predetermined depth in skin comprises: a skin positioning member, an injection needle (610), and means guiding the injection needle for movement from a parking position above the skin beside said skin positioning member to slide beneath said skin positioning member to an injection position; wherein: the tip (620) of the injection needle is closer to the longitudinal axis of the shaft portion (650) than is the outside of the shaft portion (650) and/or the length of the lumen opening (625) of the needle is in a range from 5 to 15 times the diameter of the shaft (650) of the needle. An injection needle wherein the length of the lumen opening (625) of the needle is in a range from 5 to 15 times the diameter of the shaft (650) of the needle.
Abstract:
In apparatus for the production and detection of fluorescence at a sample surface, the height of the apparatus above the sample surface is reduced, and loss of the emitted fluorescence due to reflection loss and light scattering is minimized. The apparatus comprises a three-dimensionally curved light reflecting surface (40) that directs light from a light source (32) transversely to its original path and focuses the light on to an illumination zone (30) at or below the sample surface. The reflecting surface (40) also collects, directs and at least partially collimates emitted fluorescence transversely to its original path and towards a detector (46).
Abstract:
Apparatus for measuring a phase shift induced in a light signal has a first light source for emitting a light signal along a measurement optical path that includes a sample, for example a fluorescent sample, and a second light source for emitting a light signal along a dummy measurement optical path. A measurement electronic circuit is provided for receiving the light signals and providing outputs separated in time which are indicative of the phase of the respective light signals. In use, a phase shift is induced in light in the measurement optical path by the fluorescent sample. A reference electronic circuit is provided for receiving a signal. indicative of the phase of the light signals emitted by the first and second light sources. Circuitry is provided to compare the respective phases of light output from the two circuits to provide an output indicative of a first measured phase difference during operation of the first light source. A correction is then applied to this measurement by taking a similar phase difference measurement during operation of the second light source and comparing the two phase differences.
Abstract:
An injection apparatus for making an injection at a predetermined depth in skin comprises: a first skin positioning member; a second skin positioning member, wherein the first and second skin positioning members lie or are moveable to lie in an injection arrangement; an injection needle; and means guiding the injection needle for movement from a parking position above the skin, through the lower surface of the second skin positioning member to slide beneath the first skin positioning member to an injection position. A further injection apparatus comprises: an injection needle; a plunger within the injection needle; and means for retracting the injection needle such that material to be injected is expelled from the injection needle by the plunger.