Abstract:
Systems and methods for processing crude fatty acid stream that comprises short chain fatty acids and impurities are disclosed. The crude fatty acid stream is mixed with activated carbon or acidified activated carbon for a predetermined duration to produce a fatty acid product stream that comprises short chain fatty acids and an amount of impurities that is lower than the amount of impurities in the crude fatty acid stream.
Abstract:
A process for producing fatty acids includes forming a crude fatty acid product by splitting a feedstream comprising oils and/or fats in a splitting column; fractioning the crude fatty acid product into a short chain fatty acid stream, a long chain fatty acid stream, and a residual product stream in a fractionating column; exposing the short chain fatty acid stream to an acid chloride wherein impurities present in the short chain fatty acid stream are converted to substances having a higher molecular weight than the impurities; and distilling the short chain fatty acid stream forming a free fatty acid in a distillation column.
Abstract:
A gasoline additive composition includes an oxygenate gasoline additive; and an optical brightener. The gasoline additive composition can be used in a gasoline blend.
Abstract:
A method of purifying a stream having an aromatic carboxy-aldehyde and an aromatic acid or the corresponding anhydride is described. The method includes reacting a hydroxylamine-containing compound with the aromatic carboxy-aldehyde in the stream to form a reaction mixture including the corresponding nitrone; adding an aqueous solvent to the reaction mixture, in an amount and under conditions effective to solubilize the nitrone but not the organic acid or the corresponding anhydride; and separating the solubilized nitrone from the non- solubilized organic acid. The nitrone is a water soluble nitrone.
Abstract:
An unleaded gasoline composition comprises 55 to 98 volume percent of an unleaded gasoline; and 2 to 30 volume percent of a distillate oil fraction comprising, a paraffin, an olefin, a naphthene, and an aromatic at an initial boiling point cut of 180 °C, wherein the unleaded gasoline and the distillate oil fraction are selected to provide the unleaded gasoline composition with a Research Octane Number of 90 to 101, determined in accordance with ASTM D2699; and a Motor Octane Number of 81.4 to 90, determined in accordance with ASTM D2700.
Abstract:
An unleaded gasoline composition comprises, based on the total volume of the unleaded gasoline composition, 50 to 96 vol.% of an unleaded gasoline; 2 to 20 vol.% of a mixed butanol; and 2 to 30 vol.% of a distillate oil fraction comprising a paraffin, an olefin, a naphthene, and an aromatic at an initial boiling point cut of 180°C, wherein the unleaded gasoline, the mixed butanol, and the distillate oil fraction are selected to provide the unleaded gasoline composition with a Research Octane Number of 90 to 101, determined in accordance with ASTM D 2699; and a Motor Octane Number of 81.4 to 90, determined in accordance with ASTM D 2700.
Abstract:
A process for preparing fatty acids includes: forming a crude fatty acid product by splitting a feedstream comprising oils and/or fats in a splitting column; fractioning the crude fatty acid product into a short chain fatty acid stream, a long chain fatty acid stream, and a residual product stream in a fractionating distillation column; mixing the short chain fatty acid stream with a whitening compound during distillation in a first distillation column, forming an intermediate short chain fatty acid stream; and purifying the intermediate short chain fatty acid stream by distilling the intermediate short chain fatty acid in a second distillation column, forming a free fatty acid; wherein impurities and unmixed whitening compound is removed from the intermediate short chain fatty acid in the residual product stream.
Abstract:
A lead-free, oxygenated, high-octane gasoline blend that is substantially free of C7 aliphatic hydrocarbons. The gasoline blend comprises 85 vol. % of a base gasoline having a research octane number of at least 90 and up to 15 vol. % of methyl tert-butyl ether having a purity of at least 96.5% by weight.
Abstract:
A process for preparing a gasoline octane boosting composition, including contacting a pyrolysis oil with a non-thermal oxygen plasma to produce an oxidized pyrolysis oil; and mixing the oxidized pyrolysis oil with a gasoline additive to produce the gasoline octane boosting composition. The gasoline octane boosting composition can be used in a gasoline blend.
Abstract:
A method of reducing the formation of an impurity in a terephthalic acid (TPA) production process includes: combining in a reactor, a catalyst, a mixture comprising the impurity and the TPA, and a compound comprising an active carbon atom; reacting the impurity with the compound in the presence of the catalyst by a condensation-dehydration reaction process comprising a nucleophilic addition of the active carbon atom of the compound to a carbonyl group of the impurity to form an intermediate followed by a dehydration reaction of the intermediate to form a product mixture comprising a water, the TPA, and an alkene; and recovering the product mixture from the reactor.