Abstract:
Spherical aberration coefficient and chromatic aberration coefficient in an electronic probe irradiation system are decreased by using an object lens which consists of an electrostatic lens and a magnetic field-type lens, in order to efficiently detect the formed secondary electrons through a hole of the electrostatic lens. In the charged particle ray apparatus which permits the sample to be selectively irradiated with positive ions and electrons, furthermore, the electron beam is focused on the sample using the object lens which consists of the electrostatic lens and the magnetic field-type lens. The beam is focused on the sample by the magnetic field action of the electrostatic lens that is maintained at the same polarity as the case when the positive ion beam and the electrons are focused; i.e., positive ions and electrons are focused on the same sample position maintaining the strength of the object lens nearly constant.
Abstract:
An Ni-Cr high-permeability material which contains 37.5 % - 38.5 % of nickel, 7.7 % - 8.5 % of chromium, 52.5 % - 54.5 % of iron, and 0.1 % - 1 % of the total of silicon and manganese is used as the stator material in order to maintain the saturation magnetic flux density of the stator material at a level equivalent to a conventional level and reduce the material cost of the stator without marring the mechanical strength of a component.
Abstract:
A position input device which does not need to connect a position indicator to a position detector. The input device can easily obtain expandability of condition setting such as mounting of a large number of switches to the position indicator, and moreover can simplify the circuit. When a resonant circuit (4) provided on the position indicator (5) approaches first and second coupling means (1, 2), electromagnetic couplings (M1 and M2) occur, and a positive feedback loop is formed through a series of route ranging from the output of an amplification circuit (3), first coupling means, electromagnetic coupling (M1), resonant circuit (4) second coupling means (M2) and the input of amplification circuit (3). Accordingly, oscillation occurs at the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit (4) and an oscillation signal (101) can be obtained. The amplitude of the oscillation signal (101) changes in accordance with the position of the position indicator (5), and a position detection circuit (6) obtains position data of the position indicator (5) from the amplitude of the oscillation signal (101). A condition detection circuit (8) can detect switch data of switches (SW1, SW2) set by a condition setting circuit (7) from the frequency of oscillation signal (101).
Abstract:
An image formation apparatus using a photosensitive member having heat developability, in which process control is performed over a period from heat development to pressure transfer to form an image under a stable condition without effects of ambient temperature and the condition of use of the apparatus. To this end, it is very effective to detect temperature and humidity during a period from heat development to pressure transfer, and to control the temperature and heating time for heat development or to stabilize the temperature of the photosensitive member after heat development till pressure transfer, and particularly to make cooling below a predetermined temperature. It is preferred, as the cooling method, (1) to make cooling below a temperature which is 50 °C higher than pressure transfer temperature, and (2) to start cooling within 10 seconds after completion of heat development. As a specific cooling mechanism, preferred is an air cooling method using cooling rollers (59, 74), fans (60, 63, 72), etc. Alternatively, a water cooling method using a cooling roller (76) may be employed.
Abstract:
A device for reading out coordinates which is provided with a part for reading out coordinates in which a plurality of exciting wire groups and a plurality of sensing wire groups are laid, a coordinate indicator which has a resonance circuit comprising a coil and a capacitor, and in which one or more series circuits each of which comprises a switch and a capacitor are connected in parallel with the resonance circuit, a first selecting circuit which selects successively the exciting wire groups, a second selecting circuit which selects successively the sensing wire groups, an exciting circuit which is connected with the first selecting circuit and feeds exciting signals, each having a frequency neighbouring the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit, to the exciting wire groups, an amplitude sensing circuit which is connected with the second selecting circuit and senses the amplitudes of induction signals induced in the sensing wire groups, a phase sensing circuit which senses the phases of the induction signals induced by the exciting signals, an amplitude storing means which stores the output of the amplitude sensing circuit, a phase storing means which stores the output of the phase sensing circuit, a controlling circuit which judges the states of the switches in the coordinate indicator according to the difference between the output of the amplitude sensing circuit and the information stored in the amplitude storing means and to the difference between the output of the phase sensing circuit and the information stored in the phase storing means.
Abstract:
A mechanical timepiece with a tourbillon mechanism, which is thin-shaped, large in freedom in design and affords precise adjustment of time accuracy. The mechanical timepiece comprises a tourbillon mechanism having a cage (1) which mounts thereon a timed annular balance (7), a pallet-fork (6) and an escape wheel (5) and is adapted to revolve integrally. The cage (1) comprises a cage lower plate (10), on an outer periphery of which is formed a gear (14) adapted to be driven by a train wheel (21). A pinion (3) formed coaxial with the escape wheel (5) engages with an internal tooth gear (9) which is secured to a main plate (8), and the pinion (3) and the internal tooth gear (9) make planetary gear movements, in which the escape wheel (5) makes rotation units own axis and revolution as the cage (1) rotates. The cage (1) has a cage upper plate (12) which is provided with a pallet bridge (16) for supporting the pallet-fork (6) in a swinging manner, and the pallet bridge (16) does not overlap that rim portion (17) of timed annular balance (7) in plane, which is pivotally supported by the cage lower plate (10) and the cage upper plate (12). At least the gear (14) on the outer periphery of the cage lower plate (10), the internal tooth gear (9) and the pinion (3) have a tooth profile formed by an involute of the same module and the same pressure angle.
Abstract:
An ultrasonic motor capable of accurately driving in a stepping way a movable body without any encoder. The motor comprises a piezoelectric oscillator (A) (5) and a piezoelectric oscillator (B) (6), each of which generates a progressive wave for driving and a standing wave for stopping or a standing wave for driving and a standing wave for stopping, circuits for generating ultrasonic wave oscillations, each of which drives the oscillator (A) (5) or the oscillator (B) (6), switchover circuits for switching over the circuits, and a movable body (2) provided with a plurality of uneven parts in its circumferential cross section. By the switchover means, the ultrasonic oscillation for driving (the progressive wave or standing wave, and the standing wave oscillation for stopping are switched over to each other. Thereby, the movable body is accurately driven in a stepping way without any encoder.
Abstract:
In order to stabilize a base line of a differential heat signal in a differential thermobalance and to improve measurement accuracy of differential calorimetry, the present invention provides a protuberance to each of the sample holder and reference holder, detects a signal, which is obtained by subtracting the temperature difference signal between both protuberances from the temperature difference signal between the sample holder and the reference holder, as a differential heat signal and thus reduces any influences of temperature gradient inside a heating furnace and stabilizes the base line of the differential heat signal to improve accuracy of differential calorimetry.
Abstract:
A low power consumption IC for communication which can flexibly accommodate the variation of data rate or data processing load is provided at a low cost by using a single oscillation circuit. A doubler circuit (61) is connected between the output of the oscillation circuit (1) and a microcontroller circuit (69) or a frequency dividing circuit (2) is connected between the circuit (1) and a data receiving circuit (3). In addition, receiving addresses are stored in a dual port RAM (16). Moreover, the battery saving efficiency is improved by controlling the receiving frequency of a synchronization code.
Abstract:
An efficeint battery charger which does not require rectifiers such as diodes, and prevents the reverse charging of a secondary battey and discharge to a generator from the secondary battery in an electrical close loop constituted of the generator and secondary battery by using a mechanical mechanism. The battery charger comprises an external rotary operating member (1), a generator (5) which converts the rotational kinetic energy of the member (1) into electrical energy, a one-way rotary clutch (20) which short-circuits an energy path for transmitting the rotational kinetic energy of the member (1) to the generator, an electricity storage (6) which stores the converted electrical energy, and an electrical switch (30) which forms an electrical loop by connecting the generator (5) to the storage (6) when the generator (5) is in a generating state.