Abstract:
A heat pump water heater includes a compressor, a water storage tank, a heat exchanger, an expansion device, and an evaporator. The water storage tank has an exterior surface and an interior volume. The heat exchanger includes an external section and an internal section. The heat exchanger is secured to the water storage tank such that the exterior section is in contact with the exterior surface in a heat exchange relationship and the internal section is positioned within the interior volume and is configured to exchange heat with water in the water storage tank. The compressor, the heat exchanger, the expansion device, and the evaporator are connected in series. The external section is configured to receive refrigerant from the compressor, the internal section is configured to supply refrigerant to the expansion device, and the external section is connected in series with the internal section.
Abstract:
The present invention describes a single-protein production (SPP) system in living E. coli cells that exploits the unique properties of an rnRNA interferase, for example, MazF, a bacterial toxin that is a single stranded RNA- and ACA-specific endoribonuclease, which efficiently and selectively degrades all cellular mRNAs in vivo, resulting in a precipitous drop in total protein synthesis. Concomitant expression of MazF and a target gene engineered to encode an ACA-less mRNA results in sustained and high-level (up to 90%) target expression in the virtual absence of background cellular protein synthesis. Remarkably, target synthesis continues for at least 4 days, indicating that cells retain transcriptional and translational competence despite their growth arrest. SPP technology works well for yeast and human proteins, even a bacterial integral membrane protein. This novel system enables unparalleled signal to noise ratios that should dramatically simplify structural and functional studies of previously intractable but biologically important proteins. The present invention also provides an optimized condensed single protein production system.
Abstract:
The present invention describes a single-protein production (SPP) system in living E. coli cells that exploits the unique properties of an mRNA interferase, for example, MazF, a bacterial toxin that is a single stranded RNA- and ACA-specific endoribonuclease, which efficiently and selectively degrades all cellular mRNAs in vivo, resulting in a precipitous drop in total protein synthesis. Concomitant expression of MazF and a target gene engineered to encode an ACA-less mRNA results in sustained and high-level (up to 90%) target expression in the virtual absence of background cellular protein synthesis. Remarkably, target synthesis continues for at least 4 days, indicating that cells retain transcriptional and translational competence despite their growth arrest. SPP technology works well for yeast and human proteins, even a bacterial integral membrane protein. This novel system enables unparalleled signal to noise ratios that should dramatically simplify structural and functional studies of previously intractable but biologically important proteins.