Abstract:
The disclosure describes a method including providing a nano-environment; and confining heavy or light water in the nano-environment such that at least one water cluster forms.
Abstract:
A geographically distributed apparatus and process for detritiating heavy water is provided. The apparatus and process provide a remote site enrichment plant for producing an enriched stream of DT/D2 gas and a hydriding unit for forming a hydride of the DT/D2 gas for transportation. Pure tritium gas is produced at a local tritium extraction plant by reforming DT/D2 in a de-hydriding unit and passing the gas mixture through a chain of cryogenic distillation columns. The invention provides a safe and cost-effective method of detritiating heavy water.
Abstract:
An electrolytic enrichment method for heavy water includes enriching heavy water by electrolysis using an alkaline water electrolysis cell including an anode chamber that holds an anode, a cathode chamber that holds a cathode, and a diaphragm. In the method, an electrolyte prepared by adding high-concentration alkaline water to raw material water containing heavy water is circularly supplied to the anode chamber and the cathode chamber from a circulation tank; an anode-side gas-liquid separator and an anode-side water-seal device are connected to the anode chamber, and a cathode-side gas-liquid separator and a cathode-side water-seal device are connected to the cathode chamber; and electrolysis is continued while the alkali concentration in the electrolyte supplied to both electrolysis chambers is maintained at a constant concentration by circularly supplying, to the circulation tank, the electrolyte from which the gas generated from the anode-side gas-liquid separator and the cathode-side gas-liquid separator is separated.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process whereby pre-enrichment of water streams using a hydrogen source and a catalytic isotope exchange method at one or more remote sites to supply water with augmented deuterium concentration to a central heavy water. This central heavy water plant could utilize any suitable heavy water production technology, including the Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange ("CECE") heavy water production plant and Girdler Sulfide process. The deuterium content of water at the remote sites is increased and provides water stream(s) with augmented deuterium concentration to feed to the central heavy water production plant. This could be a first stage of the central CECE deuterium enrichment plant, increasing its capacity for heavy water production approximately in the ratio of its enrichment above natural deuterium concentrations. The invention further provides systems and methods for adapting chlorate and chlorine dioxide systems which produce hydrogen to additionally produce deuterium-enriched water.
Abstract:
The invention refers to a process and an installation for obtaining the deuterium depleted water which is preferably for food use. The process consists in that water, after purification feeds the continuous isotopic distillation in the presence of a packing on minimum 100 theoretical plates with an efficiency of 8 theoretical plates per meter, the reflux being introduced on the last plate of an upper stripping zone, the number of theoretical plates from the stripping zone and that of the ones from a lower enrichment zone being in a ratio of 10 : 1 and preferably of 9 : 1 , in this latter case resulting 10.5% of the reflux flow as a waste which flows through the enrichment zone with a concentration of under 200 ppm D/(D+H), obtaining 4.5% of the reflux flow deuterium depleted water with a concentration of 20-30 ppm D/(D+H) which is mineralized. The installation in which the process is applied contains a packing consisting of a lower enrichment zone and an upper stripping zone, at the intersection of these zones a and b being connected a thermally insulated isotopic distillation column, between the steam boiler and the column being fitted a level regulating loop (A) placed under the zone in which are injected in the column the vapors provided by the steam boiler, between the vacuum ramp and the top zone (d) and respectively a secondary condenser being connected a vacuum regulation loop (B), the collecting pipe being connected to an intermediate storage tank at which another pipe is connected, fitted with a dosing device, communicating with a mixing pipe provided with static mixing promoters, to which a short pipe is connected provided with another automatic dosing device, connected to a storage tank for a mineralizing additive and a final evacuation pipe connected to a UV sterilizing subsystem.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及一种用于获得优选食用的氘缺水的方法和装置。 该方法在于,纯化后的水在最少100个理论塔板上的填料存在下进行连续同位素蒸馏,效率为每平方厘米理论塔板的理论塔数,将回流引入上部汽提区的最后一个板上, 来自汽提区的理论塔板数量和来自较低浓缩区域的理论塔板数量比例为10:1,优选为9:1,在后一种情况下,得到10.5%的回流量作为流过的废物 浓度在200ppm D /(D + H)浓度的浓缩区,得到浓度为矿物化浓度为20-30ppm D /(D + H)的4.5%回流氘缺水。 采用该方法的装置包括由下部富集区和上部汽提区组成的填料,在这些区域a和b的相交处连接有隔热同位素蒸馏塔,在蒸汽锅炉和被安装的塔之间 位于在蒸汽锅炉提供的蒸气中,在真空斜坡和顶部区域(d)之间的区域中的水平调节回路(A),以及分别连接有真空调节回路(B)的次级冷凝器 ),所述收集管连接到中间储罐,在所述中间储罐处连接有另一个管,所述中间储存罐装配有配量装置,与具有静态混合促进剂的混合管连通,短管连接到所述混合促进器上,设置有另一个自动计量装置, 连接到用于矿化添加剂的储罐和连接到UV灭菌子系统的最终抽空管。
Abstract:
A hybrid BHW-CIRCE process heavy water production system in which most or all of the CECE upper stages of the CIRCE process are replaced with BHW liquid phase catalytic exchange stages. The system allows the CIRCE process to return to a more natural cascade resulting in a more cost effective process.