Abstract:
Disclosed is a paper battery that includes a cellulosic substrate having absorbed thereon an electrolyte material and first and second barrier substrates disposed on opposite sides of the cellulosic substrate. Each of the first and second barrier substrates have an electrode printed thereon. At least one of the first and second barrier substrates includes first and second polymer layers. Further disclosed is a method of manufacturing a paper battery that includes the steps of absorbing an electrolyte material onto a cellulosic substrate and disposing on opposite sides of the cellulosic substrate first and second barrier substrates. Each of the first and second barrier substrates have an electrode printed thereon. At least one of the first and second barrier substrates includes first and second polymer layers.
Abstract:
A process for producing a carbon material comprising heating a compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a C1-C6 alkoxy group, a C6-C20 aryloxy group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, a C1-C6 thioalkyl group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a C2-C20 acylamino group and a halogen atom, R' represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n represents an integer of 3 to 7, at 800 to 3,000oC under an inert gas atmosphere.
Abstract:
An alkaline electrochemical cell (10) is provided which employs a polymeric moisture barrier material (50) disposed in the collector assembly (30) to substantially prevent the passage of moisture into the cell. The polymeric moisture barrier material may include a polyvinylidene chloride layer applied to the outer cover, or the inner neutral cover, or the top side of the seal, to prevent the ingress and egress of- moisture. The polyvinylidene chloride may be applied as a preformed thin sheet. The polymeric moisture barrier material exhibits a very' low water vapor transmission rate of less than 1.0 (grams x mil) /(100 inches.
Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to alkaline electrochemical cells, such as metal-air cells, which comprise a gelled anode which may or may not include mercury, comprising an ionically conductive clay additive. The ionically conductive clay additive is modified to include halogen atoms to increase the negative charge density of the additive and improve its performance in the electrochemical cell.
Abstract:
A method of forming an anode comprising zinc for an alkaline cell (810) . The method involves mixing zinc particles with binders including preferably polyvinylalcohol, surfactant and water to form a wet paste. The wet paste is molded into the near shape of the cell's anode cavity and then heated to evaporate water. A solid porous zinc mass is formed having microscopic void spaces between the zinc particles. The solid mass can be inserted into the cell's anode cavity (813) and aqueous alkaline electrolyte, preferably comprising potassium hydroxide, then added. The solid mass absorbs the aqueous electrolyte and expands to fill the anode cavity to form the final fresh anode. Zinc fibers may be added to increase the structural integrity of the solid mass.