摘要:
There is provided a photovoltaic device that comprises a photoactive region, the photoactive region comprising a perovskite material of general formula A 1-x A' x BX 3-y X' y wherein A is a formamidinium cation(HC(NH) 2 ) 2 + ), A' is a caesium cation (Cs + )B is at least one divalent inorganic cation, X is iodide and X' is bromide, and x is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 0.4and y is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 3. There is also provided a method of producing a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive region comprising the perovskite material, and formulations for use in the formation of the perovskite material.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing a fine-particle, multinary metal oxide powder that is suitable for producing high-temperature superconductors. To this end, a mixture consisting of corresponding metallic salts and/or metal oxides and/or metals provided in the required stoichiometric ratio is introduced into a pulsed reactor with a pulsating gas flow, which results from a flameless combustion, and is partially or completely converted into multinary metal oxide.
摘要:
The invention relates generally to the manufacture of ortho-rhombic litharge (yellow lead oxide) and in particular to a process for the continuous refining of litharge and a loopreactor for the refining of litharge.
摘要:
Heavy metals are efficiently removed from contaminated soil by a process which comprises leaching or washing the soil with a mild leachant solution comprised of an aqueous solution of an acid and a salt. Heavy metals are also efficiently removed from paint chips by washing with an aqueous acid. The heavy metals are recovered from the leachant by cementation.
摘要:
A process for coating a solid substrate with a layer of barium metaplumbate includes steps of forming a layer of lead oxide on the substrate, if not already present, and then reacting this layer with a barium salt at an elevated temperature to form a layer of coating of barium metaplumbate. Reaction temperature is a key aspect of this process, along with use of a barium salt which will react at the temperature selected. In particular, the reaction temperature must be sufficiently high to allow the reaction to proceed, but lower than the melting point of the substrate. The described process eliminates the need to preform BaPbO3 prior to coating and can be conducted at a much lower range of temperatures than prior processes.
摘要:
A mixed-valency copper oxide having a perovskite-derived structure. This oxide is based on the following formula: PbxBaySrzTr1-tCatCu3O8+δ, where Tr is chosen from the rare earth group including yttrium, x is a number included in the half-closed interval ]0.2] preferably higher than 0.1, whereby y is included in the half-closed interval ]0.2], preferably higher than 0.1, whereby z is included in the half-closed interval ]0.2] preferably high than 0.1 provided that x + y + z « 3, but preferably between 2.5 and 3, t is included in the half-closed interval ]0.1/2] and where delta is included between 0 and 1/4. Application: the electrical industry and electronics.
摘要:
세슘 납 할라이드 페로브스카이트 입자의 제조방법이 개시된다. 페로브스카이트 전구체 용액을 제조한 후 열전도 용액이 충전된 나선형관이 내부에 분리 배치된 반응 용기에 상기 페로브스카이트 전구체 용액을 충전한다. 이후, 상기 반응 용기에 마이크로파를 인가하여 상기 페로브스카이트 전구체 용액 내의 상기 탄산세슘 및 상기 할로겐화 납을 반응시킨 뒤, 반응에 의해 생성된 생성물을 분리 및 정제하여 세슘 납 할라이드 페로브스카이트 입자를 수득한다. 이에, 간단한 공정으로 페로브스카이트 전구체 용액에 균일하게 열을 가해 균일한 크기 분포를 갖는 세슘 납 할라이드 페로브스카이트 나노입자를 대용량 제조할 수 있다.
摘要:
Perovskites have high density of vacancies which absorb oxygen molecules and upon illumination, transform them into superoxide species which react with perovskites to decompose them, preventing use of these materials in many photo-applications. The present disclosure provides ways for improving the stability of perovskites in air ambient by doping perovskites with metals such as lead, cadmium, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and tin which decreases the density of vacancies in perovskites and significantly increases the lifetime of perovskites. Perovskite solar cells containing inorganic and organic ions such as Cs+, formamidinium and methylammonium cations, Pb 2 +, Br- and I- with these metal dopants exhibit stable efficiency within a month of storage in air ambient with the relative humidity of 50%.