The invention discloses a mobile robot path planning method based on the binary quantum particle swarm optimization, which is characterized by comprising steps of 1, simplifying a robot into a point moving in a two-dimensional space, and then sensing the present position of the robot and the present positions of obstacles via the visual system, 2, processing all the obstacles sensed by the visualsystem of the robot into convex polygons, 3, discretizing the two-dimensional space into series grids, and performing binary encoding for eight probable motion directions of the robot at each grid, 4, defining the distance of the path between the starting point and the destination point as a target function required to be solved by the method, and 5, overall optimizing the target function in the step 4 by utilizing the binary quantum particle swarm optimization aiming to the discrete characteristics of robot path planning problems to obtain the optimum mobile robot path. The invention has theadvantages of simple process, easy realizing, good robustness, high solving efficiency and the like.