A railway freight open wagon belongs to the transportation traffic tool, especially the railway transportation vehicle. It comprises a wagon body, a steering frame and so on. The wagon body comprises a bottom frame, a side wall and an end wall. The side wall and the end wall are welded on the bottom frame. The side wall is provided with a lower side door. The key technology is that the side wall is the external slab-column structure; the outer wall of the side plate is provided with a side transverse belt along the transverse direction and provided with a side column along the vertical direction; the upper end edge of the upper side plate is the upper side beam. The end wall is the external slab-column structure; the outer wall of the end plate is provided with mutually parallel end transverse belts along the transverse direction and provided with an angle column along the vertical direction; the upper end edge of the end plate is the upper beam. This invention with strong transportation function, larger volume is suitable for transporting each light goods.