The invention discloses an energy-efficient shield cutterhead closed loop hydraulic control system adopting ganged accumulators, which comprises a variable pump system composed by connecting a first motor and a double-action variable displacement pump by a first coupling; a variable motor control unit composed by connecting the two ends of a double-action variable displacement motor with the A andB of a two-positions three-ways cartridge valve, connecting a accumulator to the fourth check valve through a two-positions two-ways valve, a throttle valve and the p port of the two-positions three-ways cartridge valve; and a constant displacement pump system composed of connecting a constant displacement pump with the second motor by the second coupling. The invention adopts a control system, that is a variable pump controls a plurality of variable motors, in the main oil line; the pump controlled motor closed system reduces overflow loss and throttling loss, and increases system efficiency; the invention disposes ganged accumulators to improve system speed response, absorb oil liquid impact shock, provide standby flow and pressure when cutterhead is blocked, reduces the system loadingpower.