The invention relates to a propargyl ether compound modified silicon-containing aryne resin, which is prepared by stirring 5-80 weight parts of propargyl ether compound and 50-95 weight parts of silicon-containing aryne resin (of which the degree of polymerization is 2-6) to react at the temperature of 90-180 DEG C for 0.5-4.0 hours in the presence of inert gas. The modified silicon-containing arylacetylene resin of the invention has the advantages that the combined resin structure can be properly controlled by designing (molecular structure); resin has favourable processability, low softening point and low molten resin viscosity, can be dissolved in various common solvents and is convenient to use; the resin and the fiber have favourable caking property; and resin can carry out cure reaction under the action of heat and radiation, even light to form high-degree crosslinking polymer, and no micromolecules are discharged when being solidified.