The invention discloses a vehicle remote data acquisition system based on a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, comprising a remote server and at least one vehicle-mounted remote data acquisition device, wherein each vehicle-mounted remote data acquisition device comprises a processor module, a CAN bus communication module, a voltage comparison module and a radio communication module; input signals of the voltage comparison modules are switching value signals and pulse value signals which are output by vehicle equipment; analog value signals output by the vehicle equipment are processed by an engine ECU (Electronic Control Unit), then transmitted to the CAN bus and received by the CAN bus communication modules; the CAN bus communication module are also used for receiving equipment signals hung on the CAN bus, and the output ends of the CAN bus communication modules are connected with the processor modules through an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus; and the radio communication modules are used for carrying out radio communication with the server. The system can acquire various information of the vehicle equipment on a plurality of vehicles, data is transmitted to the server for storing through radio communication, and reliable references are provided for the maintenance and the management of the vehicles according to acquired data.