The invention provides a vertebral column three-dimensional dynamic measurement and analysis system and method. The system comprises an X ray imaging device, a position adjusting device, a synchronous emission control device, a calibration device, a pressure measurement device and an analysis processing and display part, wherein the X ray imaging device is used for dynamic X ray imaging; the position adjusting device is used for adjusting the direction and the position of X ray machines; the synchronous emission control device is used for controlling the two X ray machines to synchronously emit X rays for imaging; the calibration device is used for calibrating an imaging system; the pressure measurement device is used for measuring pressure and producing trigger signals; and the analysis processing and display part is used for analyzing, processing and displaying collected data. The invention can realize dynamic three-dimensional geometry measurement and mechanical property analysis for vertebral columns. The method and equipment which are adopted in the invention are simple and low in production cost, and have strong robustness. The invention has high application value in clinics.