The invention provides a synthesis method of an aniline compound. The synthesis method comprises the following step of: undergoing a substitution reaction on an arylboronic acid compound and ammonia water under alkaline condition in the presence of a cuprous catalyst to obtain the aniline compound. The structural formula of the aniline compound is shown as a formula (I); and the structural formula of the arylboronic acid compound is shown as a formula (II). The method has the remarkable advantages of mild reaction condition, small environmental pollution, high compound yield, high tolerance on a plurality of functional groups on an aromatic ring, convenience for separation and purification and the like because of starting from a readily-available arylboronic acid compound, taking the cheapest water as a solvent and taking low-cost cuprous oxide as a catalyst; meanwhile, after a product is extracted, a catalytic reaction can be undergone circularly in a reaction system after a certain amount of alkali salt is added; and the synthesis method can be widely applied to synthesis in the fields of medicaments, polymers, natural products and the like in the industrial community and the academic community.