The invention discloses a container loading and unloading bridge operation method for receiving and unloading large components of an airplane. The method includes the steps of firstly directly welding a square steel rail to a rail bearing beam of a trolley system, preheating from a position with a 150mm distance away from each of two sides of a welding joint to the corresponding side to 350-400 DEG C before butt welding of the rail, performing heat preservation for twenty minutes with the temperature ranging from 600-650 DEG C after welding, and wrapping the periphery of the welding joint with asbestos for slow cooling; and secondly, adjusting startup parameters of a main hoist of the loading and unloading bridge according to characteristics of drapability of a steel wire rope, ascending acceleration time and descending acceleration time are adjusted to 6s, and ascending deceleration time and descending deceleration time are adjusted to 5s. By directly welding the square steel rail to the rail bearing beam of the trolley system instead of a fixing mode using a traditional rail pressing plate and bolts, the operation method fundamentally solves the problems of rusting and looseness of a trolley rail.