The invention relates to a method and a device for self-correcting a micromechanical gyroscope drifting. The device consists of a high-performance inertial navigation set, a debugging fixture, a control system, a micromechanical gyroscope working temperature acquiring device, a signal collecting device, a data storing device and a data processing device. The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting data of the high-performance inertial navigation set working independently in different states as a basis reference of the current time of the micromechanical gyroscope; (2) changing the ambient temperature of the micromechanical gyroscope working independently according to equal step length, applying impact vibration with different strength, and measuring and recording parameters; (3) collecting and storing response data of the micromechanical gyroscope and the high-performance inertial navigation set to a system in a series of different state points; (4) carrying out compensation parameter calculation on the response data of the micromechanical gyroscope; (5) reading out corresponding compensation parameters and carrying out self-adaptive correction to obtain compensation parameters in a corresponding working state; and (6) carrying out drift compensation and outputting compensated data to a control system, so as to realize closed-loop control of the system.