The invention provides a control dissolving-out method of micro-alloy vanadium of high-strength and low-yield-ratio mining anchor rod steel, which belongs to the technical field of anchor rod steel rolling. The control dissolving-out method adopts a process of primarily smelting by a converter, micro-alloying steel ladle vanadium, refining by an LF furnace, carrying out full-protection pouring and continuously casting to smelt the high-strength and low-yield-ratio mining anchor rod steel with different vanadium content. Initial rolling is carried out in a temperature interval of 950-1050 DEG C; continuous rolling is carried out through four pore-free rolling machines and eight pore type rolling machines; a finish rolling temperature is controlled in a range of 780-830 DEG C; the temperature is in a range of 700-750 DEG C on a cooling bed; the product is slowly cooled at 550-750 DEG C after being placed on the cooling bed. The dissolving-out rate of V is improved by 15%-20%, the average strength of the anchor rod steel is improved by 20Mpa -40Mpa, the yield ratio of the steel reaches 0.72, the yielding strength Rel of the steel is more than or equal to 600Mpa, the tensile strength Rm of the steel is more than or equal to 800Mpa, the ductility A% of the steel is more than or equal to 20%, and the ballistic work at room temperature of the steel is more than or equal to 40J. The control dissolving-out method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the dissolving-out of vanadium alloy in an austenite region is alleviated while the dissolving-out of the vanadium alloy in ferrite and pearlite is improved, thus enhancing dissolving-out strengthening and refined crystalline strengthening.