The invention relates to a technique for producing high-octane gasoline component, which comprises steps as follows: a raw material containing rich C4, C5 and C6 alkanes and hydrogen are mixed to enter a reactor filled with a dehydrogenation catalyst to perform alkane dehydrogenation reaction; the dehydrogenation product passes through an incondensable gas separation device and is mixed with hydrogen to enter a reactor filled with an aromatization catalyst to perform aromatization; and C4, C5 and C6 alkanes in the separated aromatization product are circulated to a catalytic dehydrogenation unit to continue dehydrogenation and aromatization, thereby enhancing the gasoline component yield. The invention greatly reduces the C1-C4 low-carbon hydrocarbon generation quantity, and enhances the gasoline yield. The produced gasoline component has low alkane content, high nonbenzenoid aromatic content and high octane number, and conforms to the present environmental requirements; and the diesel component can be directly used.