The invention relates to a steel for a boron-containing piston rod. The steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.35%-0.42% of C, 0.15%-0.35% of Si, 0.50%-0.70% of Mn, P less than or equal to 0.035%, 0.015%-0.035% of S and 0.0009%-0.0025% of B. The production method comprises the following steps of: smelting, and carrying out argon blowing; refining in an LF (Low Frequency) furnace; carrying out vacuum treatment in an RH (Relative Humidity) vacuum furnace; carrying out continuous casting; heating a casting blank; carrying out rough rolling; carrying out finish rolling; air-cooling; air-cooling to room temperature. The steel disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple component, low production cost, excellent steel processing property, stability in mechanical property and high surface smoothness of cut steel products. According to the steel, the hot rolling state properties of the steel products are as follows: the tensile strength is 550-610 MPa, the area reduction is more than or equal to 30%, and the total decarburized layer depth is less than or equal to 0.3 mm.